HAT Subject (Biotechnology) FLP 1 Free Quiz

1. What is anabolism?

A. Catabolism B. Metabolism C. Catalysis D. Anabolism

2. What is a substrate?

A. Product B. Enzyme C. Substrate D. Cofactor

3. What is a cofactor?

A. Substrate B. Cofactor C. Product D. Inhibitor

4. What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to the active site?

A. Competitive B. Non-competitive C. Uncompetitive D. Irreversible

5. What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site?

A. Competitive B. Uncompetitive C. Non-competitive D. Irreversible

6. What are the simplest form of carbohydrates?

A. Polysaccharides B. Monosaccharides C. Disaccharides D. Oligosaccharides

7. What does the secondary structure of a protein include?

A. Amino acid sequence B. Alpha helices and beta sheets C. Tertiary structure D. Quaternary structure

8. What is the three-dimensional shape of a protein?

A. Tertiary structure B. Primary structure C. Secondary structure D. Quaternary structure

9. What are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids?

A. Phospholipids B. Triglycerides C. Steroids D. Waxes

10. What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

A. GTP B. CTP C. UTP D. ATP

11. What is the structure of DNA?

A. Double helix B. Single helix C. Triple helix D. Linear

12. What is the study of the genome?

A. Proteomics B. Transcriptomics C. Genomics D. Metabolomics

13. What is the large-scale study of proteins?

A. Genomics B. Transcriptomics C. Metabolomics D. Proteomics

14. What is the study of the transcriptome?

A. Genomics B. Transcriptomics C. Proteomics D. Metabolomics

15. What is GenBank a database for?

A. Proteins B. DNA sequences C. Structures D. Pathways

16. What is the Protein Data Bank a database for?

A. Protein structures B. DNA sequences C. RNA sequences D. Gene expression

17. What aligns three or more sequences?

A. Pairwise B. Single C. Global D. Multiple

18. What is a computational method to identify potential drug candidates?

A. Molecular docking B. Sequence alignment C. Phylogenetics D. Virtual screening

19. What is the study of chemical modifications that regulate gene expression?

A. Genomics B. Transcriptomics C. Proteomics D. Epigenomics

20. What is FASTQ format used for?

A. Sequences only B. Sequencing reads with quality scores C. Structures D. Interactions

21. What integrates data to understand biological systems as a whole?

A. Systems biology B. Reductionist C. Molecular D. Cellular

22. What studies interactions between biological molecules?

A. Genomics B. Proteomics C. Network biology D. Metabolomics

23. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

A. Tissue B. Organ C. Cell D. Organism

24. What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic C. Lack nucleus D. Lack organelles

25. What are the powerhouse of the cell?

A. Chloroplasts B. Ribosomes C. Mitochondria D. Lysosomes

26. What provides structural support in plant cells?

A. Cell membrane B. Cytoplasm C. Cell wall D. Nucleus

27. What is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Active transport D. Endocytosis

28. What is the process of taking materials into the cell?

A. Exocytosis B. Phagocytosis C. Endocytosis D. Pinocytosis

29. What produces four genetically different gametes?

A. Mitosis B. Binary fission C. Meiosis D. Budding

30. What is the division of the cytoplasm?

A. Mitosis B. Cytokinesis C. Meiosis D. Interphase

31. What is programmed cell death?

A. Apoptosis B. Necrosis C. Autophagy D. Phagocytosis

32. What is the process by which cells become specialized?

A. Cell division B. Cell death C. Cell differentiation D. Cell migration

33. What are undifferentiated cells with potential to become specialized?

A. Differentiated cells B. Dead cells C. Cancer cells D. Stem cells

34. What is a structure composed of different tissues?

A. Organ B. Tissue C. Organ system D. Organism

35. What is genetic engineering?

A. Direct manipulation of genes B. Natural breeding C. Selective breeding D. Cloning

36. What is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell?

A. Vector B. Gene C. Plasmid D. Chromosome

37. What is used to identify cells that have taken up foreign DNA?

A. Gene B. Promoter C. Terminator D. Selectable marker

38. What are organisms with altered genetic material called?

A. Natural B. Genetically modified C. Wild-type D. Mutant

39. What is involved in RNA interference?

A. mRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. siRNA

40. What genetically modified crop is fortified with beta-carotene?

A. Corn B. Rice C. Wheat D. Soy

41. What contains genes from another species?

A. GMO B. Mutant C. Wild-type D. Transgenic

42. What produces genetically identical copies of an organism?

A. Mutation B. Cloning C. Recombination D. Transformation

43. What is a trait?

A. Gene B. Allele C. Chromosome D. Trait

44. What type of allele masks the effect of another?

A. Recessive B. Dominant C. Co-dominant D. Incomplete

45. What are the observable characteristics of an organism?

A. Genotype B. Gene C. Allele D. Phenotype

46. What does homozygous mean?

A. Heterozygous B. Homozygous C. Hemizygous D. Nullizygous

47. What does heterozygous mean?

A. Heterozygous B. Homozygous C. Hemizygous D. Nullizygous

48. What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

A. Segregation B. Dominance C. Linkage D. Independent assortment

49. What is used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses?

A. Chromosome B. Punnett square C. Gene D. Allele

50. What results in a blended phenotype?

A. Incomplete dominance B. Co-dominance C. Complete dominance D. Epistasis

51. What shows the inheritance of a trait in a family?

A. Punnett square B. Karyotype C. Gene map D. Pedigree

52. What type of inheritance does hemophilia follow?

A. Y-linked B. Autosomal C. X-linked recessive D. Mitochondrial

53. What involves multiple genes contributing to a trait?

A. Single gene B. Epistasis C. Pleiotropy D. Polygenic

54. What is used to map genes on chromosomes?

A. Mutation rate B. Selection coefficient C. Fitness D. Recombination frequency

55. What type of cells produce antibodies?

A. B cells B. T cells C. NK cells D. Macrophages

56. What are proteins that bind to specific antigens?

A. Antigens B. Cytokines C. Complement proteins D. Antibodies

57. What contains an antigen to stimulate immunity?

A. Vaccine B. Antibiotic C. Antiviral D. Cytokine

58. What is the production of antibodies in response to an antigen?

A. Passive B. Active C. Natural D. Artificial

59. What are signaling molecules produced by immune cells?

A. Cytokines B. Antibodies C. Antigens D. Complement proteins

60. What are cytokines that have antiviral properties?

A. Antibodies B. Antigens C. Interferons D. Complement proteins

61. What is the failure of the immune system to function properly?

A. Immunodeficiency B. Autoimmunity C. Allergy D. Inflammation

62. What is AIDS?

A. Bacterial infection B. Fungal infection C. Parasitic infection D. Late stage of HIV

63. What uses the immune system to treat diseases?

A. Chemotherapy B. Radiation C. Immunotherapy D. Surgery

64. What are used in immunotherapy to enhance the immune response against cancer?

A. Antibiotics B. Antivirals C. Antifungals D. Checkpoint inhibitors

65. What are used as biocatalysts in industrial processes?

A. Chemical catalysts B. Enzymes C. Heat catalysts D. Light catalysts

66. What is biodiesel produced from?

A. Petroleum B. Vegetable oils or animal fats C. Coal D. Natural gas

67. What are derived from natural sources for pest control?

A. Chemical pesticides B. Synthetic pesticides C. Inorganic pesticides D. Biopesticides

68. What are live microorganisms that provide health benefits?

A. Pathogens B. Antibiotics C. Vaccines D. Probiotics

69. What is the recovery and purification of products from fermentation?

A. Downstream processing B. Upstream processing C. Fermentation D. Inoculation

70. What is the optimization of microbial strains for industrial production?

A. Fermentation B. Downstream C. Strain improvement D. Upstream

71. What aims to create a sustainable, zero-waste system using biological resources?

A. Circular bioeconomy B. Linear economy C. Fossil economy D. Recycling economy

72. What does microbiology study?

A. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa B. Bacteria only C. Viruses only D. Fungi only

73. What are viruses?

A. Cellular B. Prokaryotic C. Eukaryotic D. Acellular

74. What is Gram staining used for?

A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa

75. What are Gram-negative bacteria?

A. Gram-positive B. Gram-negative C. Thick peptidoglycan D. Stain purple

76. What type of bacteria do not require oxygen?

A. Aerobic B. Facultative C. Anaerobic D. Microaerophilic

77. What is a virus that infects bacteria called?

A. Bacterium B. Bacteriophage C. Fungus D. Protozoan

78. What are antiviral drugs used to treat?

A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Protozoa D. Viral infections

79. What are live microorganisms that provide health benefits?

A. Probiotics B. Pathogens C. Antibiotics D. Vaccines

80. What reduces the number of microorganisms but does not eliminate spores?

A. Sterilization B. Antisepsis C. Disinfection D. Sanitation

81. What is fermentation?

A. Respiration B. Photosynthesis C. Fermentation D. Glycolysis

82. What are used in the production of yogurt and cheese?

A. Pathogenic B. Viruses C. Fungi D. Lactic acid bacteria

83. What does molecular biology study?

A. DNA, RNA, and proteins at the molecular level B. DNA only C. RNA only D. Proteins only

84. What is an allele?

A. Chromosome B. Protein C. Codon D. Allele

85. What is a mutation?

A. A protein B. A change in DNA sequence C. A chromosome D. A gene

86. What is an operon?

A. Plasmid B. Operon C. Chromosome D. Transposon

87. Which is a classic example of gene regulation in bacteria?

A. Lac operon B. Trp operon C. Ara operon D. Gal operon

88. What is a plasmid?

A. Gene B. Operon C. Plasmid D. Transposon

89. What enzyme synthesizes DNA from RNA?

A. Reverse transcriptase B. RNA polymerase C. DNA polymerase D. Ligase

90. What are exons?

A. Exons B. Introns C. Codons D. Anticodons

91. What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?

A. Universal B. Overlapping C. Degenerate D. Non-overlapping

92. What is the start codon?

A. UAA B. UAG C. UGA D. AUG

93. Where does protein synthesis occur?

A. Ribosome B. Nucleus C. Mitochondria D. Endoplasmic reticulum

94. What controls plant growth and development in tissue culture?

A. Antibiotics B. Plant growth regulators C. Herbicides D. Pesticides

95. What plant hormone promotes root formation?

A. Auxins B. Cytokinins C. Gibberellins D. Abscisic acid

96. What are Bt crops genetically modified for?

A. Herbicide-resistant B. Insect-resistant (Bt) C. Virus-resistant D. Drought-tolerant

97. What uses molecular markers to select desirable traits?

A. Transgenic B. Mutagenesis C. Hybridization D. Marker-assisted selection

98. What is the crossing of two different varieties or species?

A. Mutation B. Tissue culture C. Genetic engineering D. Hybridization

99. What type of crops are developed for water-scarce environments?

A. Drought-tolerant B. Insect-resistant C. Herbicide-resistant D. Virus-resistant

100. What are produced in plants for disease prevention?

A. Plant-derived vaccines B. Synthetic vaccines C. Bacterial vaccines D. Viral vaccines

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