HAT Subject (Biotechnology) FLP 2 Free Quiz

HAT Subject (Biotechnology) – FLP 2

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HAT Subject (Biotechnology) – FLP 2 consists of 100 MCQs covering 1 subjects. You have 120 minutes to complete it. Start with the easier questions and manage your time wisely. Good luck!

Biotechnology 100 MCQs

1. What is metabolism?

A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Metabolism D. Catalysis

2. What is anabolism?

A. Catabolism B. Metabolism C. Catalysis D. Anabolism

3. What are biological catalysts?

A. Enzymes B. Substrates C. Products D. Inhibitors

4. What does the secondary structure of a protein include?

A. Amino acid sequence B. Alpha helices and beta sheets C. Tertiary structure D. Quaternary structure

5. What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

A. GTP B. CTP C. UTP D. ATP

6. What is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate?

A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Fermentation

7. What cycle occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP?

A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Fermentation

8. What produces ATP using the electron transport chain?

A. Glycolysis B. Krebs cycle C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Fermentation

9. What is the large-scale study of proteins?

A. Genomics B. Transcriptomics C. Metabolomics D. Proteomics

10. What compares DNA, RNA, or protein sequences?

A. Structure analysis B. Gene expression C. Sequence alignment D. Pathway analysis

11. What is the study of evolutionary relationships?

A. Sequence alignment B. Phylogenetics C. Gene expression D. Protein structure

12. What technique is used in transcriptomics?

A. RNA-seq B. DNA-seq C. ChIP-seq D. ATAC-seq

13. What is the study of chemical modifications that regulate gene expression?

A. Genomics B. Transcriptomics C. Proteomics D. Epigenomics

14. What can a BLAST search find?

A. Protein structure B. Gene expression C. Similar sequences D. Protein interactions

15. What is FASTA format used for?

A. Structures B. Expressions C. Interactions D. Nucleotide or protein sequences

16. What is VCF format used for?

A. Sequences B. Structures C. Genetic variants D. Interactions

17. What integrates data to understand biological systems as a whole?

A. Systems biology B. Reductionist C. Molecular D. Cellular

18. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

A. Tissue B. Organ C. Cell D. Organism

19. What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

A. Eukaryotic B. Have a true nucleus C. Have membrane-bound organelles D. Lack a true nucleus and organelles

20. What are the powerhouse of the cell?

A. Chloroplasts B. Ribosomes C. Mitochondria D. Lysosomes

21. What is involved in protein and lipid synthesis?

A. Golgi apparatus B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Mitochondria D. Ribosome

22. What contain digestive enzymes?

A. Peroxisomes B. Vacuoles C. Ribosomes D. Lysosomes

23. What store water, nutrients, and waste in plant cells?

A. Vesicles B. Vacuoles C. Lysosomes D. Peroxisomes

24. What is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Active transport D. Endocytosis

25. What requires energy to move substances against a gradient?

A. Active transport B. Passive transport C. Diffusion D. Osmosis

26. What is programmed cell death?

A. Apoptosis B. Necrosis C. Autophagy D. Phagocytosis

27. What is the process by which cells become specialized?

A. Cell division B. Cell death C. Cell differentiation D. Cell migration

28. What are used to cut DNA at specific sequences?

A. Ligases B. Polymerases C. Helicases D. Restriction enzymes

29. What is the transfer of DNA between bacteria by a virus?

A. Transduction B. Transformation C. Conjugation D. Transfection

30. What is the process of introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells?

A. Transformation B. Transduction C. Transfection D. Conjugation

31. What is used to identify cells that have taken up foreign DNA?

A. Gene B. Promoter C. Terminator D. Selectable marker

32. What are gene-editing tools that use engineered proteins?

A. CRISPR B. TALEN C. ZFN D. siRNA

33. What is used to silence gene expression?

A. Gene activation B. Gene mutation C. RNA interference D. Gene replacement

34. What is Bt corn genetically modified for?

A. Insect-resistant (Bt) B. Herbicide-resistant C. Drought-tolerant D. Virus-resistant

35. What does homozygous mean?

A. Heterozygous B. Homozygous C. Hemizygous D. Nullizygous

36. What results in both alleles being expressed equally?

A. Incomplete B. Complete C. Co-dominance D. Epistasis

37. What causes Down syndrome?

A. Trisomy 21 B. Monosomy 21 C. Trisomy 18 D. Trisomy 13

38. What involves multiple genes contributing to a trait?

A. Single gene B. Epistasis C. Pleiotropy D. Polygenic

39. What is the complete set of genetic material in an organism?

A. Gene B. Chromosome C. Genome D. Allele

40. What system protects the body from pathogens?

A. Nervous system B. Endocrine system C. Immune system D. Digestive system

41. What is adaptive immunity?

A. Innate B. Adaptive C. Non-specific D. Immediate

42. What are T cells involved in?

A. Produce antibodies B. Innate immunity C. Cell-mediated immunity D. Macrophages

43. What occurs when a large proportion of a population is immune?

A. Individual immunity B. Passive immunity C. Herd immunity D. Active immunity

44. What are signaling molecules produced by immune cells?

A. Cytokines B. Antibodies C. Antigens D. Complement proteins

45. What are cytokines that have antiviral properties?

A. Antibodies B. Antigens C. Interferons D. Complement proteins

46. What virus causes immunodeficiency by infecting T cells?

A. Influenza B. Hepatitis C. HIV D. Herpes

47. What technology is used to produce monoclonal antibodies?

A. Hybridoma B. PCR C. CRISPR D. RNAi

48. What uses the immune system to treat diseases?

A. Chemotherapy B. Radiation C. Immunotherapy D. Surgery

49. What are used in immunotherapy to enhance the immune response against cancer?

A. Antibiotics B. Antivirals C. Antifungals D. Checkpoint inhibitors

50. What is a form of immunotherapy that uses genetically modified T cells?

A. Checkpoint inhibitors B. CAR-T cell therapy C. Monoclonal antibodies D. Vaccines

51. What are long-lived cells that provide rapid responses?

A. Effector cells B. Regulatory cells C. Memory cells D. Naïve cells

52. What type of immunity is mediated by antibodies?

A. Cell-mediated B. Humoral C. Innate D. Passive

53. What is industrial biotechnology?

A. Biological systems for industrial products B. Fermentation only C. Enzyme production only D. Waste treatment only

54. What uses enzymes or microorganisms to catalyze chemical reactions?

A. Chemical catalysis B. Thermal catalysis C. Photo catalysis D. Biocatalysis

55. What is a vessel used for biological reactions?

A. Bioreactor B. Fermenter C. Reactor D. Separator

56. How is biogas produced?

A. Anaerobic digestion B. Aerobic digestion C. Combustion D. Pyrolysis

57. What are microorganisms that enhance soil fertility?

A. Chemical fertilizers B. Organic fertilizers C. Biofertilizers D. Pesticides

58. What are live microorganisms that provide health benefits?

A. Pathogens B. Antibiotics C. Vaccines D. Probiotics

59. What are non-digestible food ingredients that promote beneficial bacteria?

A. Probiotics B. Prebiotics C. Antibiotics D. Vaccines

60. What includes the preparation of nutrients and inoculation?

A. Downstream B. Purification C. Upstream D. Recovery

61. What technique is used in downstream processing for purification?

A. Filtration B. Centrifugation C. Distillation D. Chromatography

62. What is the improvement of production processes?

A. Scale-up B. Downstream C. Process optimization D. Upstream

63. What modifies metabolic pathways to improve product yield?

A. Genetic engineering B. Strain improvement C. Fermentation D. Metabolic engineering

64. What are bacteria?

A. Eukaryotic B. Multicellular C. Prokaryotic single-celled D. Acellular

65. What are viruses?

A. Cellular B. Prokaryotic C. Eukaryotic D. Acellular

66. What is Gram staining used for?

A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa

67. What are Gram-positive bacteria?

A. Gram-negative B. Thin peptidoglycan C. Stain pink D. Thick peptidoglycan, stain purple

68. What type of bacteria do not require oxygen?

A. Aerobic B. Facultative C. Anaerobic D. Microaerophilic

69. What is a virus composed of?

A. Cell B. Bacterium C. Fungus D. DNA or RNA in protein coat

70. What are antibiotics used to treat?

A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacterial infections D. Protozoa

71. What stimulates the immune system to protect against a specific pathogen?

A. Antibiotic B. Vaccine C. Antiviral D. Antifungal

72. What are live microorganisms that provide health benefits?

A. Probiotics B. Pathogens C. Antibiotics D. Vaccines

73. What is yeast?

A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Fungus (yeast) D. Protozoan

74. What is the process of eliminating all microorganisms, including spores?

A. Sterilization B. Disinfection C. Sanitation D. Antisepsis

75. What reduces the number of microorganisms but does not eliminate spores?

A. Sterilization B. Antisepsis C. Disinfection D. Sanitation

76. What uses microorganisms to clean up environmental pollutants?

A. Bioremediation B. Disinfection C. Sterilization D. Antisepsis

77. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A. Protein → RNA → DNA B. RNA → DNA → Protein C. DNA → RNA → Protein D. DNA → Protein → RNA

78. What is DNA replication?

A. Transcription B. Translation C. Reverse transcription D. Replication

79. What is transcription?

A. Translation B. Transcription C. Replication D. Reverse transcription

80. Which enzyme is responsible for transcription?

A. DNA polymerase B. Helicase C. Ligase D. RNA polymerase

81. Where is an anticodon found?

A. tRNA B. mRNA C. DNA D. rRNA

82. What is a point mutation?

A. Single nucleotide change B. Frameshift C. Deletion D. Insertion

83. What is a promoter?

A. Terminator B. Enhancer C. Silencer D. Promoter

84. What cut DNA at specific sequences?

A. Ligases B. Polymerases C. Helicases D. Restriction enzymes

85. What enzyme joins DNA fragments?

A. Restriction enzyme B. DNA ligase C. Polymerase D. Helicase

86. What are telomeres?

A. Centromeres B. Origins of replication C. Telomeres D. Genes

87. What are exons?

A. Exons B. Introns C. Codons D. Anticodons

88. What is the basic unit of DNA packaging?

A. Gene B. Chromosome C. Nucleosome D. Plasmid

89. What is plant biotechnology?

A. Improving plants using technology B. Genetic modification only C. Tissue culture only D. Breeding only

90. What bacterium is used to transfer genes into plants?

A. E. coli B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens C. Bacillus D. Pseudomonas

91. What is used in plant genetic transformation?

A. Ti plasmid B. Viral vector C. Bacterial artificial chromosome D. Yeast plasmid

92. What is the rapid multiplication of plants using tissue culture?

A. Macropropagation B. Hybridization C. Micropropagation D. Mutagenesis

93. What is an undifferentiated mass of plant cells grown in vitro?

A. Differentiated tissue B. Root C. Shoot D. Callus

94. What plant hormone promotes shoot formation?

A. Auxins B. Gibberellins C. Cytokinins D. Abscisic acid

95. What are plants that contain genes from other species?

A. Hybrid B. Mutant C. Wild-type D. Transgenic

96. What method is used in somatic hybridization?

A. Protoplast fusion B. Electroporation C. Microinjection D. Biolistics

97. What is the crossing of two different varieties or species?

A. Mutation B. Tissue culture C. Genetic engineering D. Hybridization

98. What are compounds produced by plants not directly involved in growth?

A. Secondary metabolites B. Primary metabolites C. Hormones D. Enzymes

99. What are volatile secondary metabolites used in perfumes?

A. Fatty acids B. Essential oils C. Waxes D. Steroids

100. What are produced in plants for disease prevention?

A. Plant-derived vaccines B. Synthetic vaccines C. Bacterial vaccines D. Viral vaccines

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