HAT Subject (Biotechnology) FLP 3 Free Quiz

1. What is biochemistry?

A. Chemical processes within living organisms B. Metabolism only C. Enzymes only D. Proteins only

2. What is metabolism?

A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Metabolism D. Catalysis

3. What is catabolism?

A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Metabolism D. Catalysis

4. What are biological catalysts?

A. Enzymes B. Substrates C. Products D. Inhibitors

5. What type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site?

A. Competitive B. Uncompetitive C. Non-competitive D. Irreversible

6. What macromolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

A. Proteins B. Lipids C. Nucleic acids D. Carbohydrates

7. What are the simplest form of carbohydrates?

A. Polysaccharides B. Monosaccharides C. Disaccharides D. Oligosaccharides

8. What is a monosaccharide and primary energy source?

A. Glucose B. Sucrose C. Starch D. Cellulose

9. What is the three-dimensional shape of a protein?

A. Tertiary structure B. Primary structure C. Secondary structure D. Quaternary structure

10. What are major components of cell membranes?

A. Phospholipids B. Triglycerides C. Steroids D. Waxes

11. What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

A. Amino acids B. Monosaccharides C. Nucleotides D. Fatty acids

12. What produces ATP using the electron transport chain?

A. Glycolysis B. Krebs cycle C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Fermentation

13. What is BLAST used for?

A. Protein structure B. Gene expression C. Sequence alignment D. Protein interactions

14. What is used to store and organize biological data?

A. Hard drive B. Software C. Computer D. Database

15. What aligns three or more sequences?

A. Pairwise B. Single C. Global D. Multiple

16. What is FASTA format used for?

A. Structures B. Expressions C. Interactions D. Nucleotide or protein sequences

17. What is FASTQ format used for?

A. Sequences only B. Sequencing reads with quality scores C. Structures D. Interactions

18. What is SAM/BAM format used for?

A. Aligned sequencing reads B. Sequences C. Structures D. Interactions

19. What integrates data to understand biological systems as a whole?

A. Systems biology B. Reductionist C. Molecular D. Cellular

20. What studies interactions between biological molecules?

A. Genomics B. Proteomics C. Network biology D. Metabolomics

21. What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

A. Eukaryotic B. Have a true nucleus C. Have membrane-bound organelles D. Lack a true nucleus and organelles

22. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A. Mitochondria B. Ribosomes C. Lysosomes D. Chloroplasts

23. What contain digestive enzymes?

A. Peroxisomes B. Vacuoles C. Ribosomes D. Lysosomes

24. What provides structural support in plant cells?

A. Cell membrane B. Cytoplasm C. Cell wall D. Nucleus

25. What is the gel-like substance that fills the cell?

A. Nucleus B. Cell membrane C. Cell wall D. Cytoplasm

26. What requires energy to move substances against a gradient?

A. Active transport B. Passive transport C. Diffusion D. Osmosis

27. What is the process of taking materials into the cell?

A. Exocytosis B. Phagocytosis C. Endocytosis D. Pinocytosis

28. What does the cell cycle include?

A. Meiosis B. Interphase and mitosis C. Cytokinesis D. Apoptosis

29. What is programmed cell death?

A. Apoptosis B. Necrosis C. Autophagy D. Phagocytosis

30. What is the process by which cells become specialized?

A. Cell division B. Cell death C. Cell differentiation D. Cell migration

31. What is a group of similar cells performing a specific function?

A. Organ B. Tissue C. Organ system D. Organism

32. What is genetic engineering?

A. Direct manipulation of genes B. Natural breeding C. Selective breeding D. Cloning

33. What is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell?

A. Vector B. Gene C. Plasmid D. Chromosome

34. What is the process by which bacteria take up foreign DNA?

A. Conjugation B. Transduction C. Transfection D. Transformation

35. What is used to visualize gene expression?

A. Reporter gene B. Selectable marker C. Promoter D. Terminator

36. What is a commonly used reporter gene?

A. Selectable marker B. Restriction enzyme C. GFP D. Plasmid

37. What is the process of inactivating a gene?

A. Gene insertion B. Gene replacement C. Gene editing D. Gene knockout

38. What is the process of inserting a gene into a specific location?

A. Knockout B. Knock-in C. Editing D. Replacement

39. What is a gene-editing tool derived from bacterial immune systems?

A. CRISPR-Cas9 B. TALEN C. ZFN D. siRNA

40. What are gene-editing tools that use transcription activator-like effector proteins?

A. CRISPR B. ZFN C. siRNA D. TALEN

41. What is used to silence gene expression?

A. Gene activation B. Gene mutation C. RNA interference D. Gene replacement

42. What contains genes from another species?

A. GMO B. Mutant C. Wild-type D. Transgenic

43. What is genetics?

A. Heredity and variation B. Heredity only C. Variation only D. Mutations only

44. Who is known as the father of genetics?

A. Darwin B. Lamarck C. Gregor Mendel D. Watson

45. What type of allele masks the effect of another?

A. Recessive B. Dominant C. Co-dominant D. Incomplete

46. What is the genetic makeup of an organism?

A. Phenotype B. Trait C. Genotype D. Allele

47. What does heterozygous mean?

A. Heterozygous B. Homozygous C. Hemizygous D. Nullizygous

48. What results in a blended phenotype?

A. Incomplete dominance B. Co-dominance C. Complete dominance D. Epistasis

49. What is Klinefelter syndrome?

A. XO B. XYY C. XXX D. XXY

50. What occurs when one gene affects multiple traits?

A. Polygenic B. Pleiotropy C. Epistasis D. Linkage

51. What is linkage in genetics?

A. Different chromosomes B. Independent C. Linkage D. Unlinked

52. What is immunology?

A. Immune system and its responses B. Antibodies only C. Vaccines only D. Diseases only

53. What is innate immunity?

A. Adaptive B. Acquired C. Specific D. Non-specific

54. What type of cells produce antibodies?

A. B cells B. T cells C. NK cells D. Macrophages

55. What contains an antigen to stimulate immunity?

A. Vaccine B. Antibiotic C. Antiviral D. Cytokine

56. What are signaling molecules produced by immune cells?

A. Cytokines B. Antibodies C. Antigens D. Complement proteins

57. What are cytokines that have antiviral properties?

A. Antibodies B. Antigens C. Interferons D. Complement proteins

58. What occurs when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues?

A. Immunodeficiency B. Allergy C. Infection D. Autoimmune disease

59. What are hypersensitivity reactions to harmless substances?

A. Autoimmune diseases B. Allergies C. Immunodeficiencies D. Infections

60. What virus causes immunodeficiency by infecting T cells?

A. Influenza B. Hepatitis C. HIV D. Herpes

61. What is AIDS?

A. Bacterial infection B. Fungal infection C. Parasitic infection D. Late stage of HIV

62. What technology is used to produce monoclonal antibodies?

A. Hybridoma B. PCR C. CRISPR D. RNAi

63. What uses the immune system to treat diseases?

A. Chemotherapy B. Radiation C. Immunotherapy D. Surgery

64. What is industrial biotechnology?

A. Biological systems for industrial products B. Fermentation only C. Enzyme production only D. Waste treatment only

65. What is bioethanol produced from?

A. Petroleum B. Coal C. Natural gas D. Plant biomass

66. How is biogas produced?

A. Anaerobic digestion B. Aerobic digestion C. Combustion D. Pyrolysis

67. What are derived from natural sources for pest control?

A. Chemical pesticides B. Synthetic pesticides C. Inorganic pesticides D. Biopesticides

68. What is the use of microorganisms to clean up environmental pollutants?

A. Phytoremediation B. Bioremediation C. Mycoremediation D. Rhizoremediation

69. What are non-digestible food ingredients that promote beneficial bacteria?

A. Probiotics B. Prebiotics C. Antibiotics D. Vaccines

70. What technique is used in downstream processing for purification?

A. Filtration B. Centrifugation C. Distillation D. Chromatography

71. What does microbiology study?

A. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa B. Bacteria only C. Viruses only D. Fungi only

72. What are fungi?

A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic C. Acellular D. Viruses

73. What are protozoa?

A. Single-celled eukaryotic B. Multicellular C. Prokaryotic D. Acellular

74. What is Gram staining used for?

A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa

75. What are Gram-positive bacteria?

A. Gram-negative B. Thin peptidoglycan C. Stain pink D. Thick peptidoglycan, stain purple

76. What is a virus composed of?

A. Cell B. Bacterium C. Fungus D. DNA or RNA in protein coat

77. What are antibiotics used to treat?

A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacterial infections D. Protozoa

78. What are antiviral drugs used to treat?

A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Protozoa D. Viral infections

79. What are live microorganisms that provide health benefits?

A. Probiotics B. Pathogens C. Antibiotics D. Vaccines

80. What is yeast?

A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Fungus (yeast) D. Protozoan

81. What is mold?

A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Yeast D. Multicellular fungus (mold)

82. Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

A. RNA polymerase B. Helicase C. DNA polymerase D. Ligase

83. Which enzyme is responsible for transcription?

A. DNA polymerase B. Helicase C. Ligase D. RNA polymerase

84. What is a codon?

A. A protein B. A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA C. A gene D. A chromosome

85. What is an allele?

A. Chromosome B. Protein C. Codon D. Allele

86. Which is a classic example of gene regulation in bacteria?

A. Lac operon B. Trp operon C. Ara operon D. Gal operon

87. What cut DNA at specific sequences?

A. Ligases B. Polymerases C. Helicases D. Restriction enzymes

88. What are telomeres?

A. Centromeres B. Origins of replication C. Telomeres D. Genes

89. What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?

A. Universal B. Overlapping C. Degenerate D. Non-overlapping

90. What is the start codon?

A. UAA B. UAG C. UGA D. AUG

91. What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?

A. Start codons B. Stop codons C. Sense codons D. Anticodons

92. What bacterium is used to transfer genes into plants?

A. E. coli B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens C. Bacillus D. Pseudomonas

93. What plant hormone promotes root formation?

A. Auxins B. Cytokinins C. Gibberellins D. Abscisic acid

94. What plant hormone promotes shoot formation?

A. Auxins B. Gibberellins C. Cytokinins D. Abscisic acid

95. What are Roundup Ready crops genetically modified for?

A. Herbicide-resistant B. Insect-resistant C. Virus-resistant D. Drought-tolerant

96. What method is used in somatic hybridization?

A. Protoplast fusion B. Electroporation C. Microinjection D. Biolistics

97. What is the process of selecting and crossing plants to improve traits?

A. Tissue culture B. Genetic engineering C. Plant breeding D. Mutagenesis

98. What is the crossing of two different varieties or species?

A. Mutation B. Tissue culture C. Genetic engineering D. Hybridization

99. What are volatile secondary metabolites used in perfumes?

A. Fatty acids B. Essential oils C. Waxes D. Steroids

100. What are produced in plants for disease prevention?

A. Plant-derived vaccines B. Synthetic vaccines C. Bacterial vaccines D. Viral vaccines

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