HAT Subject (Statistics) FLP 2 Free Quiz

HAT Subject (Statistics) – FLP 2

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HAT Subject (Statistics) – FLP 2 consists of 100 MCQs covering 1 subjects. You have 120 minutes to complete it. Start with the easier questions and manage your time wisely. Good luck!

Statistics 100 MCQs

1. What is the most frequent value in a dataset?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Median D. Range

2. What plot shows the relationship between two numerical variables?

A. Histogram B. Bar chart C. Pie chart D. Scatter plot

3. What summarizes data by showing counts in each category?

A. Histogram B. Frequency table C. Pie chart D. Bar chart

4. What measures how many standard deviations a value is from the mean?

A. Percentile B. Z-score C. Quartile D. Decile

5. Which distribution does the empirical rule (68-95-99.7) apply to?

A. Normal B. Uniform C. Exponential D. Binomial

6. What measures the proportion of variance explained?

A. Correlation B. Covariance C. Regression coefficient D. R²

7. What variable is manipulated by the experimenter?

A. Dependent B. Control C. Independent D. Confounding

8. What group does not receive the treatment?

A. Experimental B. Control C. Placebo D. Treatment

9. What design assigns subjects to treatments randomly?

A. Randomized block B. Latin square C. Completely randomized D. Factorial

10. What design studies the effects of two or more factors simultaneously?

A. Factorial B. CRD C. Randomized block D. Latin square

11. What design is used when some factors are hard to change?

A. CRD B. Randomized block C. Latin square D. Split-plot

12. What design has all combinations of factor levels?

A. Crossed B. Nested C. Split-plot D. Latin square

13. What is the repetition of an experiment to increase precision?

A. Randomization B. Blocking C. Replication D. Confounding

14. What is the grouping of experimental units to control variability?

A. Randomization B. Blocking C. Replication D. Confounding

15. What is used to analyze experimental data?

A. Regression B. Correlation C. ANOVA D. Chi-square

16. What compares the between-group variance to the within-group variance?

A. t-test B. F-test C. Chi-square D. z-test

17. What ANOVA has two factors?

A. One-way B. Three-way C. Two-way D. Factorial

18. What are the assumptions of ANOVA?

A. Regression assumptions B. Correlation assumptions C. Chi-square assumptions D. ANOVA assumptions

19. What test checks the normality assumption?

A. Shapiro-Wilk B. Levene's C. Durbin-Watson D. Breusch-Pagan

20. What is a statement of no effect or no difference?

A. Alternative B. Research C. Null D. Directional

21. What is a statement of an effect or difference?

A. Null B. Research C. No effect D. Alternative

22. What is the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis?

A. Power B. Significance level C. P-value D. Confidence level

23. What is a Type I error?

A. Accepting a false null B. Rejecting a true null C. Accepting a true null D. Rejecting a false null

24. Which test is used for small samples with unknown variance?

A. z-test B. Chi-square C. F-test D. t-test

25. Which test is used for categorical data?

A. t-test B. Chi-square C. z-test D. F-test

26. What is a measure of effect size for the difference between two means?

A. Eta-squared B. Omega-squared C. Partial eta-squared D. Cohen's d

27. What is another measure of effect size for ANOVA?

A. Omega-squared B. Eta-squared C. Partial eta-squared D. Cohen's d

28. What contains the variances and covariances of variables?

A. Correlation matrix B. Variance matrix C. Dispersion matrix D. Covariance matrix

29. What is a multivariate generalization of the t-test?

A. Hotelling's T² B. MANOVA C. Discriminant D. PCA

30. What measures the relationship between two sets of variables?

A. PCA B. Factor C. Discriminant D. Canonical correlation

31. What is a multivariate distance measure?

A. Euclidean B. Mahalanobis C. Manhattan D. Minkowski

32. What represent the variance explained by each component in PCA?

A. Eigenvectors B. Loadings C. Scores D. Eigenvalues

33. What builds a hierarchy of clusters?

A. K-means B. DBSCAN C. Spectral D. Hierarchical

34. What is used to evaluate clustering quality?

A. Elbow B. Silhouette C. Inertia D. Gap statistic

35. What is another method for determining the number of clusters?

A. Elbow B. Silhouette C. Gap statistic D. Inertia

36. What is a statistic used in MANOVA?

A. Hotelling B. Wilks' lambda C. Pillai D. Roy

37. What is the sum of the diagonal elements of a matrix?

A. Determinant B. Trace C. Rank D. Norm

38. What distribution models the number of successes in n independent trials?

A. Poisson B. Normal C. Binomial D. Exponential

39. What distribution models the number of events in a fixed interval?

A. Binomial B. Poisson C. Normal D. Exponential

40. What is the parameter of the Poisson distribution?

A. λ B. n and p C. μ and σ D. α and β

41. What are the parameters of the normal distribution?

A. n and p B. λ C. α and β D. μ and σ

42. What are the mean and standard deviation of the standard normal distribution?

A. Mean 1, SD 0 B. Mean 0, SD 1 C. Mean 0, SD 0 D. Mean 1, SD 1

43. What distribution models the time between events?

A. Poisson B. Normal C. Exponential D. Binomial

44. Which distribution is used in ANOVA?

A. t B. Chi-square C. F D. Normal

45. What continuous distribution on [0,1] has parameters α and β?

A. Uniform B. Normal C. Exponential D. Beta

46. What distribution generalizes the exponential distribution?

A. Beta B. Gamma C. Normal D. Uniform

47. What distribution models the number of trials until the first success?

A. Geometric B. Binomial C. Negative binomial D. Poisson

48. What theorem states that sums approach a normal distribution?

A. Law of large numbers B. Central limit theorem C. Bayes theorem D. Markov inequality

49. What is the range of probability?

A. -1 to 1 B. 0 to 100 C. 0 to 1 D. 0 to ∞

50. What is a process with uncertain outcomes called?

A. Deterministic B. Predictable C. Certain D. Random experiment

51. What is the multiplication rule for independent events?

A. P(A) + P(B) B. P(A) - P(B) C. P(A)/P(B) D. P(A)P(B)

52. What function is used for continuous random variables?

A. PDF B. PMF C. CDF D. MGF

53. What is the expected value of a random variable?

A. Variance B. Standard deviation C. Mode D. Expected value

54. What measures joint variability of two random variables?

A. Variance B. Correlation C. Covariance D. Standard deviation

55. What is a normalized measure of linear dependence?

A. Covariance B. Variance C. Standard deviation D. Correlation coefficient

56. What inequality bounds the probability of deviation from the mean?

A. Markov B. Chebyshev C. Jensen D. Cauchy-Schwarz

57. What inequality relates convex functions to expectations?

A. Markov B. Chebyshev C. Jensen D. Cauchy-Schwarz

58. What inequality bounds the inner product of two vectors?

A. Markov B. Chebyshev C. Jensen D. Cauchy-Schwarz

59. What is regression analysis?

A. Modeling relationships between variables B. Classification C. Clustering D. Association

60. What measures the proportion of variance explained by the model?

A. Correlation B. Slope C. Intercept D. R²

61. What does the Durbin-Watson test detect?

A. Heteroskedasticity B. Multicollinearity C. Normality D. Autocorrelation

62. What occurs when the variance of residuals is not constant?

A. Autocorrelation B. Heteroskedasticity C. Multicollinearity D. Normality

63. What occurs when independent variables are highly correlated?

A. Multicollinearity B. Heteroskedasticity C. Autocorrelation D. Non-normality

64. What test detects heteroskedasticity?

A. Durbin-Watson B. Breusch-Pagan C. VIF D. Shapiro-Wilk

65. Which regression models relationships with higher-degree terms?

A. Linear B. Logistic C. Multiple D. Polynomial

66. What is a method for variable selection?

A. Ridge B. Lasso C. Elastic net D. Stepwise

67. What measures the influence of each observation in regression?

A. Cook's distance B. Leverage C. DFFITS D. DFBETAS

68. What measures the potential influence of an observation?

A. Cook's distance B. DFFITS C. Leverage D. DFBETAS

69. What are sampling techniques?

A. Selecting a subset from a population B. Data analysis C. Hypothesis testing D. Regression

70. What ensures that every member has an equal chance of being selected?

A. Systematic B. Stratified C. Cluster D. Random

71. What sampling method selects every kth element?

A. Stratified B. Cluster C. Simple random D. Systematic

72. What sampling method selects individuals based on the researcher's judgment?

A. Random B. Stratified C. Judgment D. Systematic

73. What is the error caused by observing a sample instead of the whole population?

A. Non-sampling error B. Sampling error C. Measurement error D. Coverage error

74. What includes errors due to data collection, processing, and non-response?

A. Non-sampling error B. Sampling error C. Random error D. Systematic error

75. What occurs when respondents provide inaccurate answers?

A. Non-response B. Sampling error C. Response bias D. Measurement error

76. What occurs when selected individuals do not participate?

A. Response bias B. Sampling error C. Measurement error D. Non-response

77. What allocation minimizes the variance for a fixed sample size?

A. Proportional B. Neyman C. Equal D. Optimal

78. What is a resampling method used to assess model performance?

A. Bootstrap B. Jackknife C. Cross-validation D. Permutation

79. What is a numerical characteristic of a population?

A. Statistic B. Parameter C. Sample D. Variable

80. What is the half-width of a confidence interval?

A. Standard error B. Margin of error C. Confidence level D. P-value

81. What theorem states that the sample mean approaches a normal distribution?

A. Central limit theorem B. Law of large numbers C. Bayes theorem D. Markov inequality

82. What estimator contains all the information about the parameter?

A. Consistent B. Unbiased C. Efficient D. Sufficient

83. What gives the minimum variance of an unbiased estimator?

A. Rao-Blackwell B. Cramer-Rao C. Lehmann-Scheffe D. Fisher

84. What is the joint probability of the data given the parameter?

A. Prior B. Likelihood C. Posterior D. Marginal

85. What represents beliefs before observing data?

A. Posterior B. Prior C. Likelihood D. Marginal

86. What combines prior and likelihood?

A. Posterior B. Prior C. Likelihood D. Marginal

87. What is a function of data and parameter whose distribution does not depend on the parameter?

A. Statistic B. Estimator C. Pivotal quantity D. Sufficient

88. What is time series analysis?

A. Data collected over time B. Cross-sectional data C. Panel data D. Experimental data

89. What is a regular pattern that repeats over fixed periods?

A. Trend B. Seasonality C. Cyclical D. Irregular

90. What are fluctuations that occur over longer periods without fixed frequency?

A. Cyclical B. Seasonality C. Trend D. Irregular

91. What are random or unpredictable fluctuations?

A. Trend B. Seasonal C. Irregular D. Cyclical

92. What measures the direct effect of a lag?

A. PACF B. ACF C. CCF D. AIC

93. What test is used to test for stationarity?

A. Augmented Dickey-Fuller B. Phillips-Perron C. KPSS D. Dickey-Fuller

94. What is used to make a non-stationary series stationary?

A. Transformation B. Differencing C. Smoothing D. Decomposition

95. What model models a time series as a linear function of its past values?

A. MA B. ARIMA C. AR D. SARIMA

96. What is used for model selection in time series analysis?

A. BIC B. AIC C. R² D. Adjusted R²

97. What is a simple smoothing technique?

A. Exponential smoothing B. Moving average C. ARIMA D. Regression

98. What is the difference between the actual and predicted values?

A. Forecast error B. Residual C. Residual D. Error

99. What is another measure of forecast accuracy?

A. MAE B. MAPE C. MASE D. RMSE

100. What test is used to test for autocorrelation in residuals?

A. Ljung-Box B. Box-Pierce C. Durbin-Watson D. Breusch-Godfrey

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