HAT Subject (Statistics) FLP 3 Free Quiz

HAT Subject (Statistics) – FLP 3

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HAT Subject (Statistics) – FLP 3 consists of 100 MCQs covering 1 subjects. You have 120 minutes to complete it. Start with the easier questions and manage your time wisely. Good luck!

Statistics 100 MCQs

1. What is the middle value of a sorted dataset?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Range D. Median

2. What is the most frequent value in a dataset?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Median D. Range

3. What is the square root of the variance?

A. Variance B. Range C. Interquartile range D. Standard deviation

4. What plot shows the relationship between two numerical variables?

A. Histogram B. Bar chart C. Pie chart D. Scatter plot

5. What is the value below which a certain percentage of data falls?

A. Median B. Quartile C. Percentile D. Decile

6. What divide a dataset into four equal parts?

A. Percentiles B. Deciles C. Quintiles D. Quartiles

7. What measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship?

A. Covariance B. Regression C. Correlation coefficient D. Causation

8. What measures the proportion of variance explained?

A. Correlation B. Covariance C. Regression coefficient D. R²

9. Which measure of central tendency is sensitive to outliers?

A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Geometric mean

10. Which mean is used for rates and ratios?

A. Arithmetic mean B. Harmonic mean C. Geometric mean D. Median

11. What are the five numbers in a five-number summary?

A. Min, Q1, median, Q3, max B. Mean, SD, range, IQR, skewness C. Mode, variance, SD, range D. Min, max, mean, SD

12. What is the process of placing participants into groups by chance?

A. Random assignment B. Random selection C. Stratified D. Convenience

13. What design studies the effects of two or more factors simultaneously?

A. Factorial B. CRD C. Randomized block D. Latin square

14. What design is used when some factors are hard to change?

A. CRD B. Randomized block C. Latin square D. Split-plot

15. What design has factors nested within each other?

A. Crossed B. Nested C. Factorial D. Split-plot

16. What is the assignment of treatments to experimental units by chance?

A. Replication B. Blocking C. Confounding D. Randomization

17. What is the grouping of experimental units to control variability?

A. Randomization B. Blocking C. Replication D. Confounding

18. What compares the between-group variance to the within-group variance?

A. t-test B. F-test C. Chi-square D. z-test

19. What test checks the normality assumption?

A. Shapiro-Wilk B. Levene's C. Durbin-Watson D. Breusch-Pagan

20. What is a Type I error?

A. Accepting a false null B. Rejecting a true null C. Accepting a true null D. Rejecting a false null

21. Which test is used for small samples with unknown variance?

A. z-test B. Chi-square C. F-test D. t-test

22. Which test is used to compare variances?

A. F-test B. t-test C. z-test D. Chi-square

23. What is a standardized value used to decide whether to reject H0?

A. P-value B. Test statistic C. Significance level D. Power

24. What is the range of values for which H0 is rejected?

A. Rejection region B. Acceptance region C. Confidence interval D. P-value

25. What is a measure of effect size for ANOVA?

A. Cohen's d B. Eta-squared C. Omega-squared D. Partial eta-squared

26. What is used to group similar observations?

A. PCA B. Cluster analysis C. Factor analysis D. Discriminant analysis

27. What is used to classify observations into groups?

A. Discriminant analysis B. Cluster analysis C. PCA D. Factor analysis

28. What is a multivariate generalization of the t-test?

A. Hotelling's T² B. MANOVA C. Discriminant D. PCA

29. What is a multivariate extension of ANOVA?

A. Hotelling B. Discriminant C. MANOVA D. PCA

30. What is used for visualizing dissimilarities?

A. MDS B. PCA C. Factor analysis D. Cluster analysis

31. What is used in PCA to determine the number of components?

A. Factor B. Cluster C. Scree plot D. Discriminant

32. What is a popular clustering algorithm?

A. Hierarchical B. DBSCAN C. K-means D. Spectral

33. What builds a hierarchy of clusters?

A. K-means B. DBSCAN C. Spectral D. Hierarchical

34. What is the multivariate generalization of the chi-square distribution?

A. Normal B. t C. F D. Wishart

35. What is another statistic used in MANOVA?

A. Pillai B. Wilks C. Hotelling D. Roy

36. What is the dimension of a matrix's column space?

A. Rank B. Trace C. Determinant D. Norm

37. What do probability distributions describe?

A. Likelihood of different outcomes B. Descriptive statistics C. Sampling techniques D. Regression models

38. What distribution models the number of successes in n independent trials?

A. Poisson B. Normal C. Binomial D. Exponential

39. What are the parameters of the binomial distribution?

A. μ and σ B. λ C. α and β D. n and p

40. What distribution is continuous with a bell-shaped curve?

A. Binomial B. Poisson C. Normal D. Exponential

41. What are the parameters of the normal distribution?

A. n and p B. λ C. α and β D. μ and σ

42. What are the mean and standard deviation of the standard normal distribution?

A. Mean 1, SD 0 B. Mean 0, SD 1 C. Mean 0, SD 0 D. Mean 1, SD 1

43. What distribution has constant probability over an interval?

A. Uniform B. Normal C. Exponential D. Binomial

44. What distribution models the time between events?

A. Poisson B. Normal C. Exponential D. Binomial

45. What is the parameter of the exponential distribution?

A. n and p B. μ and σ C. α and β D. λ

46. Which distribution is used in ANOVA?

A. t B. Chi-square C. F D. Normal

47. What models events occurring randomly over time or space?

A. Binomial B. Normal C. Exponential D. Poisson process

48. What distribution models the number of failures before a specified number of successes?

A. Binomial B. Negative binomial C. Poisson D. Geometric

49. What uniquely determines a distribution?

A. MGF B. Characteristic function C. Cumulant generating function D. Probability generating function

50. What is the shape of the normal distribution?

A. Symmetric B. Skewed right C. Skewed left D. Bimodal

51. What is a subset of the sample space called?

A. Event B. Outcome C. Probability D. Random variable

52. What condition defines independent events?

A. Mutually exclusive B. Dependent C. Conditional D. Independent

53. What is the formula for conditional probability?

A. P(B|A) B. P(A ∩ B)/P(B) C. P(A) D. P(A ∪ B)

54. What is Bayes' theorem?

A. P(B|A)P(A)/P(B) B. P(A)P(B) C. P(B|A) D. P(A)/P(B)

55. What law states P(A) = ∑P(A|Bi)P(Bi)?

A. Bayes theorem B. Conditional probability C. Law of total probability D. Multiplication rule

56. What type of random variable takes countable values?

A. Continuous B. Infinite C. Discrete countable D. Finite

57. What function is used for discrete random variables?

A. PDF B. PMF C. CDF D. MGF

58. What function gives P(X ≤ x)?

A. PMF B. PDF C. CDF D. MGF

59. What is a normalized measure of linear dependence?

A. Covariance B. Variance C. Standard deviation D. Correlation coefficient

60. What is the factorial of n?

A. n × (n-1) × ... × 1 B. n + 1 C. n × (n-1) × ... × 1 D. 2^n

61. What is regression analysis?

A. Modeling relationships between variables B. Classification C. Clustering D. Association

62. What is the value of y when x = 0 called?

A. Intercept B. Slope C. Correlation D. R²

63. What does the Durbin-Watson test detect?

A. Heteroskedasticity B. Multicollinearity C. Normality D. Autocorrelation

64. What occurs when independent variables are highly correlated?

A. Multicollinearity B. Heteroskedasticity C. Autocorrelation D. Non-normality

65. What does a high VIF indicate?

A. Low B. Zero C. Negative D. High

66. What test checks for normality of residuals?

A. Shapiro-Wilk B. Durbin-Watson C. Breusch-Pagan D. VIF

67. Which regression is used when the dependent variable is binary?

A. Linear B. Polynomial C. Logistic D. Multiple

68. Which regression models relationships with higher-degree terms?

A. Linear B. Logistic C. Multiple D. Polynomial

69. What regression models the relationship between a dependent variable and multiple independent variables?

A. Simple B. Multiple C. Logistic D. Polynomial

70. What is a method for variable selection?

A. Ridge B. Lasso C. Elastic net D. Stepwise

71. What is used for model selection?

A. BIC B. R² C. Adjusted R² D. AIC

72. What is a study that includes every member of the population?

A. A sample B. A survey C. A census D. An experiment

73. What ensures that every member has an equal chance of being selected?

A. Systematic B. Stratified C. Cluster D. Random

74. What is the basic form of random sampling?

A. Stratified B. Simple random C. Cluster D. Systematic

75. What sampling method selects individuals to meet predetermined quotas?

A. Quota B. Stratified C. Cluster D. Simple random

76. What is the list of all individuals in the population from which the sample is drawn?

A. Sample B. Population C. Stratum D. Sampling frame

77. What includes errors due to data collection, processing, and non-response?

A. Non-sampling error B. Sampling error C. Random error D. Systematic error

78. What affects the precision of estimates?

A. Sample frame B. Sampling method C. Sample size D. Population size

79. What does a larger sample size generally lead to?

A. Smaller B. Equal C. Less accurate D. More precise

80. What is the sample size formula for a proportion?

A. (z² σ²)/E² B. (z² p q)/E² C. (z σ/E)^2 D. (t σ/E)^2

81. What is the sample size formula for a mean?

A. (z² σ²)/E² B. (z² p q)/E² C. (z σ/E)^2 D. (t σ/E)^2

82. What means that each individual can be selected only once?

A. With replacement B. Stratified C. Without replacement D. Cluster

83. What is a subset of a population?

A. Population B. Parameter C. Statistic D. Sample

84. What is the distribution of a statistic over repeated samples?

A. Population distribution B. Sample distribution C. Sampling distribution D. Data distribution

85. What is the probability that the confidence interval contains the true parameter?

A. Significance level B. P-value C. Power D. Confidence level

86. What gives the minimum variance of an unbiased estimator?

A. Rao-Blackwell B. Cramer-Rao C. Lehmann-Scheffe D. Fisher

87. What represents beliefs before observing data?

A. Posterior B. Prior C. Likelihood D. Marginal

88. What combines prior and likelihood?

A. Posterior B. Prior C. Likelihood D. Marginal

89. What is a sequence of observations ordered by time?

A. Cross-sectional B. Panel C. Time series D. Experimental

90. What is a long-term increase or decrease in a time series?

A. Seasonality B. Cyclical C. Irregular D. Trend

91. What model combines autoregressive and moving average components with differencing?

A. ARIMA B. AR C. MA D. SARIMA

92. What model models a time series as a linear function of past forecast errors?

A. AR B. ARIMA C. SARIMA D. MA

93. What is a method for forecasting time series?

A. Exponential smoothing B. ARIMA C. Regression D. Decomposition

94. What exponential smoothing method includes trend and seasonality?

A. Simple B. Double C. Holt-Winters D. Triple

95. What methodology is used for ARIMA model identification and estimation?

A. Exponential smoothing B. Decomposition C. Regression D. Box-Jenkins

96. What is used for model selection in time series analysis?

A. BIC B. AIC C. R² D. Adjusted R²

97. What is used to reduce noise in a time series?

A. Differencing B. Transformation C. Smoothing D. Decomposition

98. What separates a time series into trend, seasonal, and irregular components?

A. Smoothing B. Differencing C. Transformation D. Decomposition

99. What is the difference between the actual and predicted values?

A. Forecast error B. Residual C. Residual D. Error

100. What test is used to test for autocorrelation in residuals?

A. Ljung-Box B. Box-Pierce C. Durbin-Watson D. Breusch-Godfrey

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