NTS GAT Subject (Biotechnology) FLP 3 Free Quiz

NTS GAT Subject (Biotechnology) – FLP 3

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NTS GAT Subject (Biotechnology) – FLP 3 consists of 100 MCQs covering 1 subjects. You have 120 minutes to complete it. Start with the easier questions and manage your time wisely. Good luck!

Biotechnology 100 MCQs

1. What is biochemistry?

A. Chemical processes within living organisms B. Metabolism only C. Enzymes only D. Proteins only

2. What is catabolism?

A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Metabolism D. Catalysis

3. What are biological catalysts?

A. Enzymes B. Substrates C. Products D. Inhibitors

4. What macromolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

A. Proteins B. Lipids C. Nucleic acids D. Carbohydrates

5. What are major components of cell membranes?

A. Phospholipids B. Triglycerides C. Steroids D. Waxes

6. What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

A. GTP B. CTP C. UTP D. ATP

7. What is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate?

A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Fermentation

8. What cycle occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP?

A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Fermentation

9. What pigment captures light energy in photosynthesis?

A. Carotenoid B. Chlorophyll C. Phycobilin D. Melanin

10. What is the structure of RNA?

A. Double-stranded B. Helical C. Single-stranded D. Circular

11. What is the study of the genome?

A. Proteomics B. Transcriptomics C. Genomics D. Metabolomics

12. What is the large-scale study of proteins?

A. Genomics B. Transcriptomics C. Metabolomics D. Proteomics

13. What is used to store and organize biological data?

A. Hard drive B. Software C. Computer D. Database

14. What aligns three or more sequences?

A. Pairwise B. Single C. Global D. Multiple

15. What is FASTA format used for?

A. Structures B. Expressions C. Interactions D. Nucleotide or protein sequences

16. What is VCF format used for?

A. Sequences B. Structures C. Genetic variants D. Interactions

17. What was the Human Genome Project?

A. Bioinformatics tool B. Database C. Sequencing method D. International genome mapping effort

18. What integrates data to understand biological systems as a whole?

A. Systems biology B. Reductionist C. Molecular D. Cellular

19. What does cell biology study?

A. Cell structure, function, and processes B. Structure only C. Function only D. Processes only

20. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

A. Tissue B. Organ C. Cell D. Organism

21. What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic C. Lack nucleus D. Lack organelles

22. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A. Mitochondria B. Ribosomes C. Lysosomes D. Chloroplasts

23. What is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Active transport D. Endocytosis

24. What is the division of the cytoplasm?

A. Mitosis B. Cytokinesis C. Meiosis D. Interphase

25. What is programmed cell death?

A. Apoptosis B. Necrosis C. Autophagy D. Phagocytosis

26. What are used to cut DNA at specific sequences?

A. Ligases B. Polymerases C. Helicases D. Restriction enzymes

27. What enzyme is used to join DNA fragments?

A. Restriction enzyme B. DNA ligase C. Polymerase D. Helicase

28. What is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell?

A. Vector B. Gene C. Plasmid D. Chromosome

29. What is the process of introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells?

A. Transformation B. Transduction C. Transfection D. Conjugation

30. What is used to visualize gene expression?

A. Reporter gene B. Selectable marker C. Promoter D. Terminator

31. What is a gene-editing tool derived from bacterial immune systems?

A. CRISPR-Cas9 B. TALEN C. ZFN D. siRNA

32. What are gene-editing tools that use transcription activator-like effector proteins?

A. CRISPR B. ZFN C. siRNA D. TALEN

33. What are organisms with altered genetic material called?

A. Natural B. Genetically modified C. Wild-type D. Mutant

34. What is the use of genes to treat or prevent disease?

A. Gene therapy B. Drug therapy C. Radiation therapy D. Surgery

35. What contains genes from another species?

A. GMO B. Mutant C. Wild-type D. Transgenic

36. What is a trait?

A. Gene B. Allele C. Chromosome D. Trait

37. What type of allele masks the effect of another?

A. Recessive B. Dominant C. Co-dominant D. Incomplete

38. What is the genetic makeup of an organism?

A. Phenotype B. Trait C. Genotype D. Allele

39. What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?

A. Independent assortment B. Dominance C. Segregation D. Linkage

40. What results in a blended phenotype?

A. Incomplete dominance B. Co-dominance C. Complete dominance D. Epistasis

41. What results in both alleles being expressed equally?

A. Incomplete B. Complete C. Co-dominance D. Epistasis

42. What shows the inheritance of a trait in a family?

A. Punnett square B. Karyotype C. Gene map D. Pedigree

43. What is Klinefelter syndrome?

A. XO B. XYY C. XXX D. XXY

44. What is a sex-linked trait?

A. Autosomal B. Sex-linked C. Mitochondrial D. Chloroplast

45. What type of inheritance does color blindness follow?

A. X-linked recessive B. Y-linked C. Autosomal D. Mitochondrial

46. What type of inheritance does hemophilia follow?

A. Y-linked B. Autosomal C. X-linked recessive D. Mitochondrial

47. What occurs when one gene masks the effect of another?

A. Epistasis B. Pleiotropy C. Polygenic D. Linkage

48. What is the complete set of genetic material in an organism?

A. Gene B. Chromosome C. Genome D. Allele

49. What system protects the body from pathogens?

A. Nervous system B. Endocrine system C. Immune system D. Digestive system

50. What are T cells involved in?

A. Produce antibodies B. Innate immunity C. Cell-mediated immunity D. Macrophages

51. What occurs when a large proportion of a population is immune?

A. Individual immunity B. Passive immunity C. Herd immunity D. Active immunity

52. What is the production of antibodies in response to an antigen?

A. Passive B. Active C. Natural D. Artificial

53. What virus causes immunodeficiency by infecting T cells?

A. Influenza B. Hepatitis C. HIV D. Herpes

54. What is AIDS?

A. Bacterial infection B. Fungal infection C. Parasitic infection D. Late stage of HIV

55. What are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells?

A. Polyclonal B. Monoclonal C. Natural D. Synthetic

56. What uses the immune system to treat diseases?

A. Chemotherapy B. Radiation C. Immunotherapy D. Surgery

57. What is a group of proteins that enhance immune responses?

A. Complement system B. Antibodies C. Cytokines D. Antigens

58. What are long-lived cells that provide rapid responses?

A. Effector cells B. Regulatory cells C. Memory cells D. Naïve cells

59. What are the two main types of immunity?

A. Innate and adaptive B. Active and passive C. Natural and artificial D. Humoral and cell-mediated

60. What is a key process in industrial biotechnology?

A. Distillation B. Filtration C. Fermentation D. Chromatography

61. What is produced using industrial fermentation?

A. Ethanol B. Citric acid C. Penicillin D. Lactic acid

62. What is bioethanol produced from?

A. Petroleum B. Coal C. Natural gas D. Plant biomass

63. How is biogas produced?

A. Anaerobic digestion B. Aerobic digestion C. Combustion D. Pyrolysis

64. What are microorganisms that enhance soil fertility?

A. Chemical fertilizers B. Organic fertilizers C. Biofertilizers D. Pesticides

65. What uses microorganisms to remove pollutants from water?

A. Biological treatment B. Chemical treatment C. Physical treatment D. Thermal treatment

66. What are live microorganisms that provide health benefits?

A. Pathogens B. Antibiotics C. Vaccines D. Probiotics

67. What are non-digestible food ingredients that promote beneficial bacteria?

A. Probiotics B. Prebiotics C. Antibiotics D. Vaccines

68. What is the recovery and purification of products from fermentation?

A. Downstream processing B. Upstream processing C. Fermentation D. Inoculation

69. What is the improvement of production processes?

A. Scale-up B. Downstream C. Process optimization D. Upstream

70. What guidelines ensure product quality?

A. Quality control B. GMP C. Quality assurance D. Safety standards

71. What is the optimization of microbial strains for industrial production?

A. Fermentation B. Downstream C. Strain improvement D. Upstream

72. What modifies metabolic pathways to improve product yield?

A. Genetic engineering B. Strain improvement C. Fermentation D. Metabolic engineering

73. What does sustainability in industrial biotechnology involve?

A. Using fossil fuels B. Increasing waste C. Using renewable resources and minimizing waste D. Reducing efficiency

74. What is Gram staining used for?

A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa

75. What stimulates the immune system to protect against a specific pathogen?

A. Antibiotic B. Vaccine C. Antiviral D. Antifungal

76. What is yeast?

A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Fungus (yeast) D. Protozoan

77. What is the process of eliminating all microorganisms, including spores?

A. Sterilization B. Disinfection C. Sanitation D. Antisepsis

78. What is fermentation?

A. Respiration B. Photosynthesis C. Fermentation D. Glycolysis

79. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A. Protein → RNA → DNA B. RNA → DNA → Protein C. DNA → RNA → Protein D. DNA → Protein → RNA

80. What is DNA replication?

A. Transcription B. Translation C. Reverse transcription D. Replication

81. Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

A. RNA polymerase B. Helicase C. DNA polymerase D. Ligase

82. Where is an anticodon found?

A. tRNA B. mRNA C. DNA D. rRNA

83. What causes a frameshift mutation?

A. Point mutation B. Silent mutation C. Frameshift mutation D. Missense mutation

84. What is a promoter?

A. Terminator B. Enhancer C. Silencer D. Promoter

85. Which is a classic example of gene regulation in bacteria?

A. Lac operon B. Trp operon C. Ara operon D. Gal operon

86. What cut DNA at specific sequences?

A. Ligases B. Polymerases C. Helicases D. Restriction enzymes

87. What removes introns from pre-mRNA?

A. Ribosome B. Polymerase C. Helicase D. Spliceosome

88. What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?

A. Universal B. Overlapping C. Degenerate D. Non-overlapping

89. What is the ability of a plant cell to regenerate into a whole plant?

A. Differentiation B. Dedifferentiation C. Transdifferentiation D. Totipotency

90. What is used in plant genetic transformation?

A. Ti plasmid B. Viral vector C. Bacterial artificial chromosome D. Yeast plasmid

91. What is the rapid multiplication of plants using tissue culture?

A. Macropropagation B. Hybridization C. Micropropagation D. Mutagenesis

92. What is an undifferentiated mass of plant cells grown in vitro?

A. Differentiated tissue B. Root C. Shoot D. Callus

93. What are plants that contain genes from other species?

A. Hybrid B. Mutant C. Wild-type D. Transgenic

94. What uses molecular markers to select desirable traits?

A. Transgenic B. Mutagenesis C. Hybridization D. Marker-assisted selection

95. What method is used in somatic hybridization?

A. Protoplast fusion B. Electroporation C. Microinjection D. Biolistics

96. What is the crossing of two different varieties or species?

A. Mutation B. Tissue culture C. Genetic engineering D. Hybridization

97. What is the process of increasing nutrient content in crops?

A. Mutagenesis B. Biofortification C. Hybridization D. Tissue culture

98. What type of crops are developed for water-scarce environments?

A. Drought-tolerant B. Insect-resistant C. Herbicide-resistant D. Virus-resistant

99. What are secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties?

A. Alkaloids B. Terpenoids C. Phenolics D. Flavonoids

100. What is a major goal of plant biotechnology?

A. Pest resistance B. Herbicide resistance C. Yield improvement D. Disease resistance

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