NTS GAT Subject (Environmental Sciences) FLP 1 Free Quiz

NTS GAT Subject (Environmental Sciences) – FLP 1

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NTS GAT Subject (Environmental Sciences) – FLP 1 consists of 100 MCQs covering 1 subjects. You have 120 minutes to complete it. Start with the easier questions and manage your time wisely. Good luck!

Environmental Sciences 100 MCQs

1. What is the variety of species in an ecosystem?

A. Genetic diversity B. Species diversity C. Ecosystem diversity D. Biological diversity

2. What is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species?

A. IUCN B. CITES C. Ramsar Convention D. World Heritage Convention

3. What is the protection of species in their natural habitats?

A. Ex-situ B. In-situ C. In-vitro D. In-vivo

4. What is a designated area for conservation?

A. National park B. Wildlife sanctuary C. Protected area D. Biosphere reserve

5. What is a protected area for conservation and recreation?

A. Wildlife sanctuary B. Biosphere reserve C. Protected area D. National park

6. What is a protected area for wildlife conservation?

A. National park B. Wildlife sanctuary C. Biosphere reserve D. Protected area

7. What species have a disproportionate effect on their ecosystem?

A. Invasive B. Endemic C. Keystone D. Endangered

8. What greenhouse gas is from agricultural activities?

A. CO₂ B. Methane C. N₂O D. CFCs

9. What body assesses the science of climate change?

A. UNEP B. IPCC C. WMO D. WHO

10. What is a major consequence of climate change?

A. Drought B. Floods C. Heatwaves D. Sea-level rise

11. What does the ice-albedo feedback loop do?

A. Cooling B. Neutral C. Amplifies warming D. Negative

12. What is a key mitigation strategy for climate change?

A. Fossil fuels B. Nuclear C. Renewable energy D. Geothermal

13. What technology reduces CO₂ emissions?

A. Renewable B. Nuclear C. Geothermal D. CCS

14. What is the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy?

A. Mitigation B. Energy transition C. Adaptation D. Resilience

15. What is the ability to withstand and recover from climate impacts?

A. Climate resilience B. Mitigation C. Adaptation D. Vulnerability

16. What depends on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity?

A. Resilience B. Mitigation C. Vulnerability D. Adaptation

17. What is a reservoir that releases more CO₂ than it absorbs?

A. Carbon budget B. Carbon sink C. Carbon footprint D. Carbon source

18. What means net-zero CO₂ emissions?

A. Climate neutral B. Net-zero C. Carbon neutrality D. Carbon negative

19. What scale measures acidity or alkalinity?

A. Temperature B. Pressure C. pH D. Concentration

20. What is a major greenhouse gas?

A. Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide C. Nitrogen D. Argon

21. What is another significant greenhouse gas?

A. Methane B. CO₂ C. NO₂ D. SO₂

22. What layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere

23. What type of smog is formed by sunlight reacting with pollutants?

A. Photochemical smog B. Industrial smog C. Acid rain D. Ozone depletion

24. What type of smog is formed by burning coal?

A. Photochemical B. Acid rain C. Industrial smog D. Ozone depletion

25. What is particulate matter?

A. Gases B. Liquids C. Solids D. Small suspended particles

26. What measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms in water?

A. Chemical oxygen demand B. BOD C. Total organic carbon D. Dissolved oxygen

27. What is the increase in concentration of substances as they move up the food chain?

A. Bioaccumulation B. Bioconcentration C. Biomagnification D. Bioaugmentation

28. What are toxic chemicals that resist degradation?

A. Biodegradable B. Non-toxic C. Water-soluble D. Persistent organic pollutants

29. What are rapid increases in algae populations?

A. Algal blooms B. Eutrophication C. Acidification D. Salinization

30. What is the continuous movement of water?

A. Carbon cycle B. Nitrogen cycle C. Water cycle D. Oxygen cycle

31. What is a community of organisms interacting with their non-living environment?

A. A population B. A community C. An ecosystem D. A biome

32. What is the role of an organism in its ecosystem?

A. Habitat B. Niche C. Biome D. Ecosystem

33. What organisms break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients?

A. Producers B. Consumers C. Decomposers D. Scavengers

34. What are large geographic areas with similar climate, flora, and fauna?

A. Ecosystems B. Habitats C. Niches D. Biomes

35. What is the movement of carbon through the environment?

A. Nitrogen cycle B. Carbon cycle C. Water cycle D. Oxygen cycle

36. What is the continuous movement of water?

A. Carbon cycle B. Nitrogen cycle C. Water cycle D. Oxygen cycle

37. What is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain?

A. Population growth rate B. Carrying capacity C. Population density D. Limiting factor

38. What is a symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected?

A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Parasitism D. Competition

39. What document presents the findings of an EIA?

A. Screening report B. Scoping report C. EIS D. Mitigation plan

40. What is an important component of the EIA process?

A. Optional B. Not required C. For some projects D. Important component

41. What impacts are immediate and easily attributable to the project?

A. Direct impacts B. Indirect impacts C. Cumulative impacts D. Secondary impacts

42. What is the review of environmental performance?

A. EIA B. Environmental auditing C. Monitoring D. Compliance

43. What is adherence to environmental laws and regulations?

A. Monitoring B. Auditing C. Environmental compliance D. EIA

44. What is used for policies, plans, and programs?

A. EIA B. Project-level C. Site-level D. SEA

45. What US law established EIA?

A. Clean Air Act B. NEPA C. Clean Water Act D. Safe Drinking Water Act

46. What US agency is responsible for environmental regulation?

A. EPA B. NOAA C. FEMA D. DOI

47. What are a forum for stakeholders to express opinions on a project?

A. Optional B. Not required C. Public hearings D. For experts only

48. What is offsetting unavoidable impacts by creating equivalent benefits elsewhere?

A. Mitigation B. Avoidance C. Minimization D. Compensation

49. What is the monitoring and evaluation of a project after approval?

A. Screening B. Scoping C. EIA follow-up D. Impact analysis

50. What principle is often applied in environmental risk assessment?

A. Polluter pays principle B. Precautionary principle C. User pays principle D. Prevention principle

51. What principle holds polluters responsible for the cost of pollution?

A. Precautionary principle B. User pays principle C. Polluter pays principle D. Prevention principle

52. What principle charges users for the use of natural resources?

A. Precautionary principle B. User pays principle C. Polluter pays principle D. Prevention principle

53. What principle aims to prevent environmental damage before it occurs?

A. Prevention principle B. Precautionary principle C. Polluter pays principle D. User pays principle

54. What international treaty addresses ozone-depleting substances?

A. Kyoto Protocol B. Paris Agreement C. Montreal Protocol D. Copenhagen Accord

55. What is a non-binding agreement on climate change?

A. Copenhagen Accord B. Kyoto Protocol C. Paris Agreement D. Montreal Protocol

56. What international treaty addresses prior informed consent for hazardous chemicals?

A. Stockholm Convention B. Rotterdam Convention C. Basel Convention D. Minamata Convention

57. What international treaty addresses mercury pollution?

A. Minamata Convention B. Stockholm Convention C. Basel Convention D. Rotterdam Convention

58. What US law ensures the quality of drinking water?

A. Safe Drinking Water Act B. Clean Air Act C. Clean Water Act D. NEPA

59. What US agency is responsible for environmental regulation?

A. NOAA B. EPA C. FEMA D. DOI

60. What provides financial assistance to countries?

A. World Bank B. WTO C. IMF D. UNEP

61. What UN agency works on sustainable development?

A. UNEP B. FAO C. UNDP D. WHO

62. What is environmental pollution?

A. Introduction of harmful substances into the environment B. Interactions between organisms C. Chemical processes in the environment D. Global climate change

63. What is the degradation of soil due to the presence of harmful substances?

A. Air pollution B. Soil pollution C. Water pollution D. Noise pollution

64. What secondary air pollutant is formed by reactions of NOx and VOCs?

A. SO₂ B. CO C. NO₂ D. O₃

65. What major air pollutant affects respiratory health?

A. Gases B. Particulate matter C. Liquids D. Solids

66. What type of pollution comes from diffuse sources?

A. Point source B. Identifiable C. Non-point source D. Industrial

67. What type of pollution is the release of radioactive materials?

A. Chemical B. Radioactive C. Biological D. Thermal

68. What is the use of plants to remove pollutants?

A. Bioremediation B. Mycoremediation C. Phytoremediation D. Rhizoremediation

69. What international treaty addresses prior informed consent for hazardous chemicals?

A. Stockholm Convention B. Basel Convention C. Minamata Convention D. Rotterdam Convention

70. What are materials from the environment used to meet human needs?

A. Pollutants B. Waste products C. Natural resources D. Synthetic materials

71. What type of resource is water?

A. Non-renewable B. Finite C. Exhaustible D. Renewable but can be depleted

72. What resources are shared by a community and managed collectively?

A. Private B. Public C. Common property D. Open access

73. What resources are available to everyone and can be easily depleted?

A. Private B. Public C. Common property D. Open access

74. What ecosystem services provide non-material benefits?

A. Provisioning B. Regulating C. Supporting D. Cultural

75. What involves local communities in resource management?

A. Top-down B. Government-led C. CBNRM D. Centralized

76. What is a flexible approach that adjusts to changing conditions?

A. Rigid B. Adaptive C. Fixed D. Static

77. What principle holds polluters responsible for the cost of pollution?

A. Precautionary principle B. User pays principle C. Polluter pays principle D. Prevention principle

78. What is waste management?

A. Collection, transport, processing, recycling, and disposal of waste B. Environmental laws and regulations C. Management of natural resources D. Evaluation of environmental impacts

79. What is the most preferred option in the waste hierarchy?

A. Recycling B. Waste prevention C. Disposal D. Treatment

80. What is the decomposition of organic waste to produce fertilizer?

A. Incineration B. Landfill C. Composting D. Recycling

81. What is produced from anaerobic digestion of organic waste?

A. Methane B. Biogas C. Hydrogen D. Oxygen

82. What is electronic waste from discarded electronic devices?

A. Hazardous B. Non-hazardous C. E-waste D. Inert

83. What aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible?

A. Linear economy B. Circular economy C. Recycling economy D. Waste economy

84. What holds producers responsible for the entire life cycle of their products?

A. Polluter pays principle B. User pays principle C. Precautionary principle D. EPR

85. What is the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted?

A. Waste footprint B. Water footprint C. Carbon footprint D. Ecological footprint

86. What US law governs waste management?

A. RCRA B. Clean Air Act C. Clean Water Act D. Safe Drinking Water Act

87. What US law is for cleaning up hazardous waste sites?

A. RCRA B. Clean Air Act C. CERCLA D. Clean Water Act

88. What is the reduction or elimination of pollution at the source?

A. Waste minimization B. Pollution prevention C. Recycling D. Reuse

89. What is the analysis of the composition of waste?

A. Waste minimization B. Pollution prevention C. Waste characterization D. Waste disposal

90. What is water on the surface of the Earth?

A. Groundwater B. Atmospheric water C. Soil water D. Surface water

91. What is water stored beneath the Earth's surface?

A. Surface water B. Groundwater C. Atmospheric water D. Soil water

92. What is the upper surface of the zone of saturation?

A. Water table B. Water level C. Groundwater level D. Aquifer level

93. What refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water?

A. Water quality B. Water quantity C. Water availability D. Water distribution

94. What is the contamination of water bodies by harmful substances?

A. Water scarcity B. Water quality C. Water pollution D. Water quantity

95. What is the amount of oxygen dissolved in water?

A. Dissolved oxygen B. BOD C. COD D. Total organic carbon

96. What US law ensures the quality of drinking water?

A. Clean Air Act B. Clean Water Act C. Safe Drinking Water Act D. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

97. What is the collection and storage of rainwater?

A. Water conservation B. Water quality C. Rainwater harvesting D. Water supply

98. What is the assessment of water use and efficiency?

A. Water auditing B. Water quality C. Water conservation D. Water supply

99. What are guidelines for safe water?

A. Water quality standards B. Water quantity C. Water availability D. Water distribution

100. What organization sets international water quality guidelines?

A. UNEP B. FAO C. WHO D. WMO

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