NTS GAT Subject (Physics) FLP 3 Free Quiz

1. What does Newton's First Law state?

A. F = ma B. Action-reaction C. Inertia (rest/constant velocity) D. Law of gravitation

2. What is Newton's Second Law?

A. Inertia B. Action-reaction C. Law of gravitation D. F = ma

3. What is kinetic energy?

A. Potential energy B. Thermal energy C. Kinetic energy D. Chemical energy

4. What is conserved in a closed system?

A. Energy B. Momentum C. Angular momentum D. Mass

5. What is torque?

A. Force B. Torque C. Work D. Power

6. What type of motion has a restoring force proportional to displacement?

A. Uniform circular motion B. Projectile motion C. SHM D. Random motion

7. What is elastic potential energy?

A. ½mv² B. mgh C. ½kx² D. ½Iω²

8. What does the work-energy theorem state?

A. W = ΔKE B. W = Fd C. P = W/t D. ΔKE = 0

9. What is the point where the mass of a system is concentrated?

A. Centroid B. Center of gravity C. Center of mass D. Center of pressure

10. What is Coulomb's Law?

A. F = Gm₁m₂/r² B. F = ma C. F = kq₁q₂/r² D. E = mc²

11. What is the electric field?

A. E = V/d B. E = kq/r² C. E = -dV/dr D. E = F/q

12. What is Gauss's Law for electric fields?

A. Φ = Q/ε₀ B. Φ = B·A C. ∮E·dl = 0 D. ∮B·dl = μ₀I

13. What is the Lorentz force?

A. F = q(E + v × B) B. F = kq₁q₂/r² C. F = ma D. F = Gm₁m₂/r²

14. What is Ampere's Law?

A. ∮E·dl = 0 B. Φ = Q/ε₀ C. ∮B·dl = μ₀I D. Faraday's law

15. What is Faraday's Law?

A. ∮B·dl = μ₀I B. Φ = Q/ε₀ C. F = q(E + v × B) D. ∮E·dl = -dΦ_B/dt

16. What is the speed of light in terms of μ₀ and ε₀?

A. c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀) B. c = μ₀ε₀ C. c = √(μ₀/ε₀) D. c = √(ε₀/μ₀)

17. What is the Biot-Savart law?

A. F = qvB B. ∮B·dl = μ₀I C. Φ = B·A D. dB = (μ₀/4π)(Idl × r̂)/r²

18. What is the magnetic flux?

A. Φ = E·A B. Φ = q/ε₀ C. Φ = B·A cos θ D. Φ = μ₀I

19. What law states that the induced current opposes the change?

A. Faraday B. Ampere C. Gauss D. Lenz

20. What is the energy stored in an inductor?

A. ½CV² B. ½QV C. ½Q²/C D. ½LI²

21. What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A. Longitudinal B. Transverse C. Mechanical D. Sound waves

22. What is the skin depth?

A. Wavelength B. Skin depth C. Penetration depth D. Attenuation length

23. What is entropy?

A. Enthalpy B. Internal energy C. Entropy D. Gibbs free energy

24. What is the definition of enthalpy?

A. H = U - PV B. H = U/T C. H = G + TS D. H = U + PV

25. What is internal energy?

A. Enthalpy B. Internal energy C. Entropy D. Gibbs free energy

26. What is Gibbs free energy?

A. G = H - TS B. G = U + PV C. G = H + TS D. G = U - TS

27. What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine?

A. η = (TH - TC)/TH B. η = (TH - TC)/TC C. η = TH/TC D. η = 1 - (TC/TH)

28. What cycle does a steam power plant operate on?

A. Otto B. Diesel C. Rankine D. Brayton

29. What cycle does an internal combustion engine operate on?

A. Rankine B. Brayton C. Carnot D. Otto or Diesel

30. Which cycle is used in compression-ignition engines?

A. Diesel B. Otto C. Rankine D. Brayton

31. Which cycle is used in gas turbines?

A. Otto B. Diesel C. Brayton D. Rankine

32. What is a pure substance in thermodynamics?

A. Mixture B. Solution C. Compound D. Pure substance

33. What is a saturated liquid?

A. Superheated B. Saturated liquid C. Subcooled D. Compressed

34. What does quantum mechanics deal with?

A. Atomic and subatomic scale B. Large scale motion C. Electricity and magnetism D. Heat and temperature

35. What is the de Broglie wavelength?

A. λ = h/p B. λ = h/mv C. λ = p/h D. λ = h/m

36. What describes the state of a quantum system?

A. Probability B. Energy C. Momentum D. Wave function

37. What does |Ψ|² give?

A. Energy density B. Probability density C. Momentum density D. Charge density

38. What particles does the Pauli exclusion principle apply to?

A. Fermions B. Bosons C. All particles D. Photons

39. What are the energy levels of the hydrogen atom?

A. -13.6/n eV B. -13.6 n² eV C. -13.6/n eV D. -13.6/n² eV

40. What is the Bohr radius?

A. 5.29 × 10⁻¹⁰ m B. 0.529 × 10⁻¹⁰ m C. 0.529 × 10⁻¹² m D. 5.29 × 10⁻¹² m

41. What is the spin quantum number?

A. n B. m_s C. l D. m_l

42. What is the intrinsic property of electrons?

A. Spin B. Orbital motion C. Charge D. Mass

43. What particles have half-integer spin?

A. Bosons B. Quarks C. Leptons D. Fermions

44. What does the photoelectric effect demonstrate?

A. Particle nature B. Wave nature C. Both D. Neither

45. What forms can the Schrödinger equation take?

A. Only time-dependent B. Time-dependent or time-independent C. Only time-independent D. Neither

46. What is a conserved quantity in quantum mechanics?

A. Probability current B. Energy current C. Momentum current D. Charge current

47. What is the expectation value?

A. Maximum B. Minimum C. Average value D. Median

48. What is the critical angle?

A. Critical angle B. Brewster angle C. Polarizing angle D. Total internal reflection angle

49. What type of mirror is a converging mirror?

A. Convex B. Plane C. Spherical D. Concave

50. What type of lens is a converging lens?

A. Concave B. Plane C. Convex D. Cylindrical

51. What is the superposition of waves?

A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Interference D. Diffraction

52. What does Young's double-slit experiment demonstrate?

A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Diffraction D. Interference

53. What is the diffraction grating equation?

A. d sin θ = mλ B. d cos θ = mλ C. d sin θ = mλ D. d tan θ = mλ

54. What is Bragg's Law?

A. d sin θ = nλ B. 2d cos θ = nλ C. 2d sin θ = nλ D. 2d sin θ = nλ

55. Which part of the eye focuses light?

A. Cornea B. Retina C. Pupil D. Lens

56. What is the period of oscillation?

A. 2π√(k/m) B. 2π√(m/k) C. 2π/ω D. 2π/ω = 2π√(m/k)

57. What type of waves do not require a medium?

A. Mechanical B. Sound C. Electromagnetic D. Water

58. What is the maximum displacement from equilibrium?

A. Amplitude B. Wavelength C. Frequency D. Period

59. What is the number of cycles per second?

A. Period B. Wavelength C. Amplitude D. Frequency

60. What type of waves have oscillations parallel to propagation?

A. Longitudinal B. Transverse C. Surface D. Electromagnetic

61. What type of waves are sound waves?

A. Transverse B. Surface C. Longitudinal D. Electromagnetic

62. What is the change in frequency due to relative motion?

A. Interference B. Diffraction C. Polarization D. Doppler effect

63. When does destructive interference occur?

A. In phase B. Partially in phase C. Random D. Out of phase

64. What is the intensity of a wave proportional to?

A. Amplitude² B. Amplitude C. Frequency D. Wavelength

65. What is the group of atoms attached to each lattice point?

A. Basis B. Bravais lattice C. Unit cell D. Crystal system

66. How many Bravais lattices are there in three dimensions?

A. 7 B. 5 C. 14 D. 32

67. Which crystal system has three axes of equal length at right angles?

A. Tetragonal B. Cubic C. Orthorhombic D. Hexagonal

68. Which crystal system has two axes of equal length at 120°?

A. Cubic B. Tetragonal C. Orthorhombic D. Hexagonal

69. What are the seven crystal systems?

A. Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic B. Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic C. Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic D. Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic, triclinic

70. What materials have large band gaps?

A. Conductors B. Semiconductors C. Insulators D. Superconductors

71. What type of semiconductor has excess holes?

A. N-type B. Intrinsic C. P-type D. Compensated

72. What is the production of a voltage across a conductor in a magnetic field?

A. Seebeck effect B. Peltier effect C. Thomson effect D. Hall effect

73. What is the expulsion of magnetic fields from a superconductor?

A. Meissner effect B. Josephson effect C. Hall effect D. Seebeck effect

74. What does nuclear physics study?

A. Atomic nuclei and their interactions B. Motion of objects C. Electricity and magnetism D. Heat and temperature

75. What are atoms with the same number of neutrons?

A. Isotopes B. Isobars C. Isomers D. Isotones

76. What particle is emitted in beta decay?

A. Alpha B. Gamma C. Neutron D. Beta

77. What is emitted in gamma decay?

A. Alpha B. Gamma C. Beta D. Neutron

78. What is the energy released in nuclear reactions?

A. E = mc² B. E = ½mv² C. E = hf D. E = Δmc²

79. What does atomic physics study?

A. Atoms and electron arrangement B. Atomic nuclei C. Motion of objects D. Electricity and magnetism

80. What quantum number determines the energy level?

A. l B. m_l C. n D. m_s

81. What quantum number determines the spin of the electron?

A. m_s B. n C. l D. m_l

82. What orbitals are even more complex?

A. f B. s C. p D. d

83. What rule states that electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly before pairing?

A. Hund's rule B. Aufbau principle C. Pauli exclusion principle D. Octet rule

84. What is the energy required to move an electron to a higher level?

A. Excitation energy B. Ionization energy C. Binding energy D. Dissociation energy

85. What determine which transitions are allowed in atomic spectra?

A. Quantum numbers B. Energy levels C. Selection rules D. Wave functions

86. What is a small difference in energy levels in hydrogen?

A. Lamb shift B. Zeeman effect C. Stark effect D. Fine structure

87. What are the specific arrangements of particles in a system?

A. Macrostates B. Ensembles C. Microstates D. Thermodynamic variables

88. What are the macroscopic properties of a system?

A. Microstates B. Ensembles C. Thermodynamic variables D. Macrostates

89. What is Boltzmann's constant?

A. 1.38 × 10⁻²⁰ J/K B. 1.38 × 10⁻²⁵ J/K C. 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K D. 1.38 × 10⁻³⁰ J/K

90. What particles does the Fermi-Dirac distribution describe?

A. Fermions B. Bosons C. Classical particles D. Photons

91. What is the classical description of blackbody radiation at low frequencies?

A. Planck's law B. Rayleigh-Jeans law C. Wien's law D. Stefan-Boltzmann law

92. What is Wien's law?

A. λ_max T = constant B. λ_max T = constant C. λ_max/T = constant D. λ_max T² = constant

93. What is the Stefan-Boltzmann law?

A. P = σAT⁴ B. P = σAT⁴ C. P = σAT⁴ D. P = σAT⁴

94. What does the equipartition theorem state?

A. k_B T B. ½k_B T C. ½k_B T D. 2k_B T

95. What ensemble has fixed temperature, volume, and number of particles?

A. Microcanonical B. Grand canonical C. Canonical D. Isothermal-isobaric

96. What is the sum over all states of e^{-E/k_B T}?

A. Entropy B. Partition function C. Free energy D. Internal energy

97. How is the free energy related to the partition function?

A. F = -k_B T ln Z B. F = k_B T ln Z C. F = -k_B T Z D. F = k_B T Z

98. What is the average energy in terms of the partition function?

A. E = ∂ ln Z/∂β B. E = -∂ Z/∂β C. E = -∂ ln Z/∂β D. E = ∂ Z/∂β

99. What occurs when bosons occupy the same ground state at low temperatures?

A. Fermi sea B. Ideal gas C. van der Waals gas D. Bose-Einstein condensation

100. What model is used to calculate the heat capacity of solids?

A. Debye model B. Einstein model C. Drude model D. Sommerfeld model

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