NTS GAT Subject (Statistics) FLP 1 Free Quiz

1. What is the middle value of a sorted dataset?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Range D. Median

2. What is the most frequent value in a dataset?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Median D. Range

3. What measures the spread of data around the mean?

A. Standard deviation B. Range C. Variance D. Interquartile range

4. What is the square root of the variance?

A. Variance B. Range C. Interquartile range D. Standard deviation

5. What is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution?

A. Histogram B. Bar chart C. Pie chart D. Scatter plot

6. What is the coefficient of variation?

A. Standard deviation/Mean B. Variance/Mean C. Range/Mean D. IQR/Mean

7. What is the value below which a certain percentage of data falls?

A. Median B. Quartile C. Percentile D. Decile

8. What divide a dataset into four equal parts?

A. Percentiles B. Deciles C. Quintiles D. Quartiles

9. What measures how many standard deviations a value is from the mean?

A. Percentile B. Z-score C. Quartile D. Decile

10. What measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship?

A. Covariance B. Regression C. Correlation coefficient D. Causation

11. What measures the proportion of variance explained?

A. Correlation B. Covariance C. Regression coefficient D. R²

12. Which measure of central tendency is robust to outliers?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Median D. Range

13. Which mean is used for data with multiplicative relationships?

A. Arithmetic mean B. Harmonic mean C. Median D. Geometric mean

14. How is the sample variance calculated?

A. n B. n+1 C. n-1 D. n-2

15. What variable is manipulated by the experimenter?

A. Dependent B. Control C. Independent D. Confounding

16. What variable is measured to determine the effect?

A. Manipulated B. Control C. Independent D. Dependent

17. What group does not receive the treatment?

A. Experimental B. Control C. Placebo D. Treatment

18. What design assigns subjects to treatments randomly?

A. Randomized block B. Latin square C. Completely randomized D. Factorial

19. What design controls for two blocking factors?

A. CRD B. Latin square C. Randomized block D. Factorial

20. What design has k factors each at two levels?

A. k² B. 2k C. 2^k D. k^2

21. What design is used when some factors are hard to change?

A. CRD B. Randomized block C. Latin square D. Split-plot

22. What is the repetition of an experiment to increase precision?

A. Randomization B. Blocking C. Replication D. Confounding

23. What is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as observed, assuming H0 is true?

A. P-value B. Significance level C. Power D. Effect size

24. What does a small p-value indicate?

A. Large B. Zero C. Small D. Negative

25. What is a Type I error?

A. Accepting a false null B. Rejecting a true null C. Accepting a true null D. Rejecting a false null

26. Which test is used for large samples with known variance?

A. t-test B. Chi-square C. z-test D. F-test

27. Which test is used for categorical data?

A. t-test B. Chi-square C. z-test D. F-test

28. What type of test tests for a difference in one direction?

A. Two-tailed B. Non-directional C. One-tailed D. Bilateral

29. What is the range of values for which H0 is rejected?

A. Rejection region B. Acceptance region C. Confidence interval D. P-value

30. What is a general method for hypothesis testing?

A. Wald test B. Score test C. F-test D. Likelihood ratio test

31. What adjusts p-values for multiple comparisons?

A. Tukey B. Scheffe C. Bonferroni D. Holm

32. What is another post-hoc comparison method?

A. Tukey B. Scheffe C. Bonferroni D. Holm

33. What is a stepwise correction for multiple comparisons?

A. Holm-Bonferroni B. Tukey C. Scheffe D. Bonferroni

34. What is a measure of effect size for the difference between two means?

A. Eta-squared B. Omega-squared C. Partial eta-squared D. Cohen's d

35. What is a measure of effect size for ANOVA?

A. Cohen's d B. Eta-squared C. Omega-squared D. Partial eta-squared

36. What is used to group similar observations?

A. PCA B. Cluster analysis C. Factor analysis D. Discriminant analysis

37. What is a multivariate generalization of the t-test?

A. Hotelling's T² B. MANOVA C. Discriminant D. PCA

38. What is a multivariate extension of ANOVA?

A. Hotelling B. Discriminant C. MANOVA D. PCA

39. What measures the relationship between two sets of variables?

A. PCA B. Factor C. Discriminant D. Canonical correlation

40. What represent the correlation between variables and factors?

A. Eigenvalues B. Factor loadings C. Scores D. Communalities

41. What builds a hierarchy of clusters?

A. K-means B. DBSCAN C. Spectral D. Hierarchical

42. What is used to evaluate clustering quality?

A. Elbow B. Silhouette C. Inertia D. Gap statistic

43. What is the multivariate generalization of the chi-square distribution?

A. Normal B. t C. F D. Wishart

44. What is a statistic used in MANOVA?

A. Hotelling B. Wilks' lambda C. Pillai D. Roy

45. What is a statistic used in MANOVA?

A. Wilks B. Pillai C. Roy D. Hotelling

46. What is a scalar value used in multivariate analysis?

A. Trace B. Rank C. Norm D. Determinant

47. What is a measure of a matrix's size?

A. Trace B. Determinant C. Norm D. Rank

48. What is the parameter of the Poisson distribution?

A. λ B. n and p C. μ and σ D. α and β

49. What distribution is continuous with a bell-shaped curve?

A. Binomial B. Poisson C. Normal D. Exponential

50. What distribution has constant probability over an interval?

A. Uniform B. Normal C. Exponential D. Binomial

51. Which distribution is used in ANOVA?

A. t B. Chi-square C. F D. Normal

52. What continuous distribution on [0,1] has parameters α and β?

A. Uniform B. Normal C. Exponential D. Beta

53. What distribution generalizes the exponential distribution?

A. Beta B. Gamma C. Normal D. Uniform

54. Which distribution is used in reliability and survival analysis?

A. Weibull B. Gamma C. Exponential D. Normal

55. What distribution models the number of failures before a specified number of successes?

A. Binomial B. Negative binomial C. Poisson D. Geometric

56. What distribution models the number of trials until the first success?

A. Geometric B. Binomial C. Negative binomial D. Poisson

57. What theorem states that sums approach a normal distribution?

A. Law of large numbers B. Central limit theorem C. Bayes theorem D. Markov inequality

58. What does probability theory deal with?

A. Likelihood of events B. Data analysis C. Counting D. Calculus

59. What is the range of probability?

A. -1 to 1 B. 0 to 100 C. 0 to 1 D. 0 to ∞

60. What is Bayes' theorem?

A. P(B|A)P(A)/P(B) B. P(A)P(B) C. P(B|A) D. P(A)/P(B)

61. What is the addition rule for mutually exclusive events?

A. P(A)P(B) B. P(A) + P(B) C. P(A) - P(B) D. P(A)/P(B)

62. What assigns numerical values to outcomes?

A. Random variable B. Event C. Sample space D. Probability

63. What type of random variable takes countable values?

A. Continuous B. Infinite C. Discrete countable D. Finite

64. What type of random variable takes uncountable values?

A. Discrete B. Countable C. Finite D. Continuous

65. What function is used for discrete random variables?

A. PDF B. PMF C. CDF D. MGF

66. What function gives P(X ≤ x)?

A. PMF B. PDF C. CDF D. MGF

67. What is a normalized measure of linear dependence?

A. Covariance B. Variance C. Standard deviation D. Correlation coefficient

68. What inequality bounds the probability that a non-negative variable exceeds a threshold?

A. Markov B. Chebyshev C. Jensen D. Cauchy-Schwarz

69. What does the Durbin-Watson test detect?

A. Heteroskedasticity B. Multicollinearity C. Normality D. Autocorrelation

70. What occurs when the variance of residuals is not constant?

A. Autocorrelation B. Heteroskedasticity C. Multicollinearity D. Normality

71. Which regression is used when the dependent variable is binary?

A. Linear B. Polynomial C. Logistic D. Multiple

72. Which regularization method adds a penalty to the coefficients?

A. Lasso B. Ridge C. Elastic net D. Stepwise

73. Which regularization method performs variable selection?

A. Lasso B. Ridge C. Elastic net D. Stepwise

74. What is used for model selection?

A. BIC B. R² C. Adjusted R² D. AIC

75. What ensures that every member has an equal chance of being selected?

A. Systematic B. Stratified C. Cluster D. Random

76. What is the list of all individuals in the population from which the sample is drawn?

A. Sample B. Population C. Stratum D. Sampling frame

77. What occurs when respondents provide inaccurate answers?

A. Non-response B. Sampling error C. Response bias D. Measurement error

78. What is the sample size formula for a proportion?

A. (z² σ²)/E² B. (z² p q)/E² C. (z σ/E)^2 D. (t σ/E)^2

79. What is the sample size formula for a mean?

A. (z² σ²)/E² B. (z² p q)/E² C. (z σ/E)^2 D. (t σ/E)^2

80. Which sampling method reduces sampling error by ensuring representation of subgroups?

A. Cluster B. Systematic C. Stratified D. Simple random

81. What type of allocation samples proportionally from each stratum?

A. Optimal allocation B. Equal allocation C. Neyman allocation D. Proportional allocation

82. What allocation minimizes the variance for a fixed sample size?

A. Proportional B. Neyman C. Equal D. Optimal

83. What means that each individual can be selected only once?

A. With replacement B. Stratified C. Without replacement D. Cluster

84. What is a resampling method used to estimate the sampling distribution?

A. Jackknife B. Bootstrap C. Cross-validation D. Permutation

85. What is a resampling method used to assess model performance?

A. Bootstrap B. Jackknife C. Cross-validation D. Permutation

86. What provides a range of plausible values for a population parameter?

A. Interval estimate B. Point estimate C. Margin of error D. Standard error

87. What is the probability that the confidence interval contains the true parameter?

A. Significance level B. P-value C. Power D. Confidence level

88. What is the half-width of a confidence interval?

A. Standard error B. Margin of error C. Confidence level D. P-value

89. What theorem states that the sample mean approaches a normal distribution?

A. Central limit theorem B. Law of large numbers C. Bayes theorem D. Markov inequality

90. What estimator has the smallest variance among unbiased estimators?

A. Consistent B. Unbiased C. Efficient D. Sufficient

91. What gives the minimum variance of an unbiased estimator?

A. Rao-Blackwell B. Cramer-Rao C. Lehmann-Scheffe D. Fisher

92. What method estimates parameters by equating sample moments to population moments?

A. MLE B. Bayesian C. Method of moments D. Least squares

93. What is time series analysis?

A. Data collected over time B. Cross-sectional data C. Panel data D. Experimental data

94. What is a regular pattern that repeats over fixed periods?

A. Trend B. Seasonality C. Cyclical D. Irregular

95. What are random or unpredictable fluctuations?

A. Trend B. Seasonal C. Irregular D. Cyclical

96. What measures the direct effect of a lag?

A. PACF B. ACF C. CCF D. AIC

97. What means the statistical properties are constant over time?

A. Non-stationarity B. Seasonality C. Stationarity D. Trend

98. What model models a time series as a linear function of past forecast errors?

A. AR B. ARIMA C. SARIMA D. MA

99. What is a method for forecasting time series?

A. Exponential smoothing B. ARIMA C. Regression D. Decomposition

100. What test is used to test whether one time series predicts another?

A. Autocorrelation B. Cross-correlation C. Granger causality D. Cointegration

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