NTS GAT Subject (Statistics) FLP 2 Free Quiz

NTS GAT Subject (Statistics) – FLP 2

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NTS GAT Subject (Statistics) – FLP 2 consists of 100 MCQs covering 1 subjects. You have 120 minutes to complete it. Start with the easier questions and manage your time wisely. Good luck!

Statistics 100 MCQs

1. What does descriptive statistics do?

A. Summarizes and describes data B. Inferential statistics C. Predictive statistics D. Prescriptive statistics

2. What is the middle value of a sorted dataset?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Range D. Median

3. What is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles?

A. Range B. IQR C. Variance D. Standard deviation

4. What plot shows the median, quartiles, and outliers?

A. Histogram B. Box plot C. Scatter plot D. Bar chart

5. What measures the asymmetry of a distribution?

A. Kurtosis B. Variance C. Skewness D. Standard deviation

6. What divide a dataset into four equal parts?

A. Percentiles B. Deciles C. Quintiles D. Quartiles

7. What measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship?

A. Covariance B. Regression C. Correlation coefficient D. Causation

8. What plot displays data while preserving individual values?

A. Histogram B. Stem-and-leaf plot C. Box plot D. Scatter plot

9. Which measure of central tendency is sensitive to outliers?

A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Geometric mean

10. Which measure of central tendency is robust to outliers?

A. Mean B. Mode C. Median D. Range

11. Which mean is used for data with multiplicative relationships?

A. Arithmetic mean B. Harmonic mean C. Median D. Geometric mean

12. How is the sample variance calculated?

A. n B. n+1 C. n-1 D. n-2

13. What design assigns subjects to treatments randomly?

A. Randomized block B. Latin square C. Completely randomized D. Factorial

14. What design controls for two blocking factors?

A. CRD B. Latin square C. Randomized block D. Factorial

15. What design is used when some factors are hard to change?

A. CRD B. Randomized block C. Latin square D. Split-plot

16. What design has all combinations of factor levels?

A. Crossed B. Nested C. Split-plot D. Latin square

17. What is the grouping of experimental units to control variability?

A. Randomization B. Blocking C. Replication D. Confounding

18. What is used to analyze experimental data?

A. Regression B. Correlation C. ANOVA D. Chi-square

19. What partitions the total variance into components?

A. Regression B. Correlation C. Chi-square D. ANOVA

20. What compares the between-group variance to the within-group variance?

A. t-test B. F-test C. Chi-square D. z-test

21. What are the assumptions of ANOVA?

A. Regression assumptions B. Correlation assumptions C. Chi-square assumptions D. ANOVA assumptions

22. What test checks the homogeneity of variances assumption?

A. Shapiro-Wilk B. Levene's C. Durbin-Watson D. Breusch-Pagan

23. What are comparisons specified before the experiment?

A. Post-hoc B. Pairwise C. Multiple D. Planned contrasts

24. What design assigns each subject to only one treatment?

A. Parallel B. Crossover C. Latin square D. Split-plot

25. What is hypothesis testing?

A. Making decisions based on sample data B. Estimation C. Prediction D. Classification

26. What is a statement of no effect or no difference?

A. Alternative B. Research C. Null D. Directional

27. What does a small p-value indicate?

A. Large B. Zero C. Small D. Negative

28. What is a Type I error?

A. Accepting a false null B. Rejecting a true null C. Accepting a true null D. Rejecting a false null

29. What is a Type II error?

A. Failing to reject a false null B. Rejecting a true null C. Accepting a true null D. Rejecting a false null

30. What is the range of values for which H0 is rejected?

A. Rejection region B. Acceptance region C. Confidence interval D. P-value

31. What is another method for hypothesis testing?

A. Score B. Wald C. Likelihood ratio D. F

32. What is a measure of effect size for the difference between two means?

A. Eta-squared B. Omega-squared C. Partial eta-squared D. Cohen's d

33. What is multivariate statistics?

A. Multiple variables simultaneously B. One variable C. Two variables D. One variable

34. What contains the variances and covariances of variables?

A. Correlation matrix B. Variance matrix C. Dispersion matrix D. Covariance matrix

35. What contains the correlations between variables?

A. Covariance matrix B. Correlation matrix C. Variance matrix D. Dispersion matrix

36. What is a multivariate extension of ANOVA?

A. Hotelling B. Discriminant C. MANOVA D. PCA

37. What represent the correlation between variables and factors?

A. Eigenvalues B. Factor loadings C. Scores D. Communalities

38. What builds a hierarchy of clusters?

A. K-means B. DBSCAN C. Spectral D. Hierarchical

39. What is used to evaluate clustering quality?

A. Elbow B. Silhouette C. Inertia D. Gap statistic

40. What is another method for determining the number of clusters?

A. Elbow B. Silhouette C. Gap statistic D. Inertia

41. What is a statistic used in MANOVA?

A. Wilks B. Pillai C. Roy D. Hotelling

42. What do probability distributions describe?

A. Likelihood of different outcomes B. Descriptive statistics C. Sampling techniques D. Regression models

43. What is the parameter of the Poisson distribution?

A. λ B. n and p C. μ and σ D. α and β

44. What distribution models the time between events?

A. Poisson B. Normal C. Exponential D. Binomial

45. Which distribution is used for small samples when the variance is unknown?

A. Normal B. t C. Chi-square D. F

46. Which distribution is used for variance tests?

A. Chi-square B. t C. F D. Normal

47. Which distribution is used in reliability and survival analysis?

A. Weibull B. Gamma C. Exponential D. Normal

48. Which distribution is used in logistic regression?

A. Normal B. t C. Logistic D. F

49. What distribution models the number of failures before a specified number of successes?

A. Binomial B. Negative binomial C. Poisson D. Geometric

50. What distribution models the number of trials until the first success?

A. Geometric B. Binomial C. Negative binomial D. Poisson

51. What uniquely determines a distribution?

A. MGF B. Characteristic function C. Cumulant generating function D. Probability generating function

52. What does probability theory deal with?

A. Likelihood of events B. Data analysis C. Counting D. Calculus

53. What is the range of probability?

A. -1 to 1 B. 0 to 100 C. 0 to 1 D. 0 to ∞

54. What law states P(A) = ∑P(A|Bi)P(Bi)?

A. Bayes theorem B. Conditional probability C. Law of total probability D. Multiplication rule

55. What is the addition rule for mutually exclusive events?

A. P(A)P(B) B. P(A) + P(B) C. P(A) - P(B) D. P(A)/P(B)

56. What type of random variable takes countable values?

A. Continuous B. Infinite C. Discrete countable D. Finite

57. What does variance measure?

A. Standard deviation B. Variance C. Covariance D. Correlation

58. What is a normalized measure of linear dependence?

A. Covariance B. Variance C. Standard deviation D. Correlation coefficient

59. What inequality relates convex functions to expectations?

A. Markov B. Chebyshev C. Jensen D. Cauchy-Schwarz

60. What is an ordered arrangement of objects called?

A. Combination B. Permutation C. Selection D. Subset

61. What does the slope measure in simple linear regression?

A. Intercept B. Slope C. Correlation D. R²

62. What method is used to estimate regression coefficients?

A. Maximum likelihood B. Method of moments C. Least squares D. Bayesian

63. What penalizes the addition of unnecessary predictors?

A. Adjusted R² B. R² C. Correlation D. AIC

64. What occurs when the variance of residuals is not constant?

A. Autocorrelation B. Heteroskedasticity C. Multicollinearity D. Normality

65. What detects multicollinearity?

A. Durbin-Watson B. Breusch-Pagan C. VIF D. Shapiro-Wilk

66. What does a high VIF indicate?

A. Low B. Zero C. Negative D. High

67. What test detects heteroskedasticity?

A. Durbin-Watson B. Breusch-Pagan C. VIF D. Shapiro-Wilk

68. What test checks for normality of residuals?

A. Shapiro-Wilk B. Durbin-Watson C. Breusch-Pagan D. VIF

69. Which regularization method performs variable selection?

A. Lasso B. Ridge C. Elastic net D. Stepwise

70. What is another model selection criterion?

A. AIC B. BIC C. R² D. Adjusted R²

71. What sampling method divides the population into clusters and selects some?

A. Stratified B. Systematic C. Cluster D. Simple random

72. What sampling method selects every kth element?

A. Stratified B. Cluster C. Simple random D. Systematic

73. What includes errors due to data collection, processing, and non-response?

A. Non-sampling error B. Sampling error C. Random error D. Systematic error

74. What occurs when the sampling frame does not cover the entire population?

A. Non-response B. Coverage error C. Measurement error D. Sampling error

75. What affects the precision of estimates?

A. Sample frame B. Sampling method C. Sample size D. Population size

76. What is the sample size formula for a proportion?

A. (z² σ²)/E² B. (z² p q)/E² C. (z σ/E)^2 D. (t σ/E)^2

77. What allocation minimizes the variance for a fixed sample size?

A. Proportional B. Neyman C. Equal D. Optimal

78. What means that each individual can be selected multiple times?

A. Without replacement B. Stratified C. Cluster D. With replacement

79. What is statistical inference?

A. Drawing conclusions about a population B. Descriptive statistics C. Predictive modeling D. Data mining

80. What is a numerical characteristic of a population?

A. Statistic B. Parameter C. Sample D. Variable

81. What is a numerical characteristic of a sample?

A. Statistic B. Parameter C. Population D. Variable

82. What is a single value used to estimate a population parameter?

A. Interval estimate B. Point estimate C. Confidence interval D. Margin of error

83. What is the probability that the confidence interval contains the true parameter?

A. Significance level B. P-value C. Power D. Confidence level

84. What is the half-width of a confidence interval?

A. Standard error B. Margin of error C. Confidence level D. P-value

85. What estimator has an expected value equal to the true parameter?

A. Biased B. Unbiased C. Consistent D. Efficient

86. What estimator converges to the true parameter as sample size increases?

A. Consistent B. Unbiased C. Efficient D. Sufficient

87. What theorem provides a way to improve an estimator using a sufficient statistic?

A. Rao-Blackwell B. Cramer-Rao C. Lehmann-Scheffe D. Fisher-Neyman

88. What theorem states that the MVUE is a function of a complete sufficient statistic?

A. Rao-Blackwell B. Cramer-Rao C. Lehmann-Scheffe D. Fisher-Neyman

89. What method finds the parameter value that maximizes the likelihood function?

A. MLE B. Method of moments C. Least squares D. Bayesian

90. What method estimates parameters by equating sample moments to population moments?

A. MLE B. Bayesian C. Method of moments D. Least squares

91. What uses prior and likelihood to obtain a posterior distribution?

A. MLE B. Method of moments C. Least squares D. Bayesian

92. What is a sequence of observations ordered by time?

A. Cross-sectional B. Panel C. Time series D. Experimental

93. What are fluctuations that occur over longer periods without fixed frequency?

A. Cyclical B. Seasonality C. Trend D. Irregular

94. What are random or unpredictable fluctuations?

A. Trend B. Seasonal C. Irregular D. Cyclical

95. What measures autocorrelation at different lags?

A. PACF B. ACF C. CCF D. AIC

96. What is used to make a non-stationary series stationary?

A. Transformation B. Differencing C. Smoothing D. Decomposition

97. What model models a time series as a linear function of its past values?

A. MA B. ARIMA C. AR D. SARIMA

98. What is a measure of forecast accuracy?

A. RMSE B. MAPE C. MAE D. MASE

99. What test is used to test for autocorrelation in residuals?

A. Ljung-Box B. Box-Pierce C. Durbin-Watson D. Breusch-Godfrey

100. What test is used to test whether one time series predicts another?

A. Autocorrelation B. Cross-correlation C. Granger causality D. Cointegration

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