HEC LAT 2026 Comprehension Free Quiz 4

1. Read the passage: "Natural justice is a fundamental principle of common law, requiring that decisions be made fairly and without bias." What is the fundamental principle described?

A. Natural justice B. Statutory interpretation C. Judicial precedent D. Legislative intent

2. Read: "Formal equality treats all individuals identically. However, substantive equality acknowledges that different treatment may be necessary to achieve just outcomes." What is the purpose of "however"?

A. To prove formal equality is always fair B. To criticize substantive equality C. To contrast formal and substantive equality D. To show that laws are always just

3. Read: "Judicial activism refers to judicial rulings suspected of being based on personal or political considerations rather than existing law." What is being defined?

A. Strict textualism B. Judicial activism C. Legislative supremacy D. Executive discretion

4. Read: "The philosophy of judicial restraint holds that judges should defer to the decisions of the legislature and executive." What does judicial restraint advocate?

A. Activism B. Supremacy C. Discretion D. Restraint

5. Read: "A tort is a civil wrong, other than a breach of contract, for which a remedy may be obtained." What is a tort?

A. A civil wrong B. A criminal offence C. A constitutional violation D. A statutory duty

6. Read: "Among the various torts, negligence stands out as the most common, requiring proof of duty, breach, causation, and damage." What does the author imply about negligence?

A. Negligence is the only tort B. All torts require intent C. Negligence is a specific category of tort D. Negligence is a criminal act

7. Read: "The ratio decidendi is the principle of law on which a case is decided and is binding on future courts." What is the binding part?

A. Obiter dicta B. Ratio decidendi C. Dicta D. Per curiam

8. Read: "While obiter dicta are not binding precedent, they may be considered as persuasive authority in subsequent cases." What is the status of obiter dicta?

A. They are strictly binding B. They are ignored by courts C. They are only for academic interest D. They are persuasive but not binding

9. Read: "Bail is the conditional release of a defendant pending trial." What is bail?

A. Temporary release B. Permanent freedom C. A fine D. A sentence

10. Read: "The grant of bail requires a delicate balance between the personal liberty of the accused and the security of the state." What does the author say about bail?

A. Only the liberty of accused matters B. Only security of state matters C. Both liberty and security must be balanced D. Bail is never granted

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